| Industries |
|---|
| Consumer Discretionary |
| Oil and Gas Refining and Marketing and Transportation |
| Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation |
| Transportation |
| Health Care Facilities |
| Fertilizers and Agricultural Chemicals |
| Diversified Chemicals |
| Specialty Chemicals |
| Pharmaceuticals Biotechnology and Life Sciences |
| Pharmaceuticals |
| Exposures |
|---|
| Political reform |
| Express intent |
| Military |
| Cooperate |
| Judicial |
| Event Codes |
|---|
| Adjust |
| Yield to order |
| Decline comment |
| Yield |
| Endorse |
| Provide shelter |
| Solicit support |
| Human death |
| Accident |
| Agree |
| Demand |
| Riot |
| Warn |
| Sports contest |
| Consult |
| Force |
| Empathize |
| Wiki | Wiki Summary |
|---|---|
| Viad | Senggi, or Viid, is a Papuan language of Indonesian Papua. It is spoken in Senggi village, Senggi District, Keerom Regency. |
| Business | Business is the activity of making one's living or making money by producing or buying and selling products (such as goods and services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit."Having a business name does not separate the business entity from the owner, which means that the owner of the business is responsible and liable for debts incurred by the business. |
| Business administration | Business administration (also known as business management) is the administration of a commercial enterprise. It includes all aspects of overseeing and supervising business operations. |
| Small business | Small businesses are corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships which have fewer employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation. Businesses are defined as "small" in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for preferential tax policy varies depending on the country and industry. |
| Business Is Business | Business-to-business (B2B or, in some countries, BtoB) is a situation where one business makes a commercial transaction with another. This typically occurs when:\n\nA business is sourcing materials for their production process for output (e.g., a food manufacturer purchasing salt), i.e. |
| Business Proposal | Business Proposal (Korean: 사내 맞선; Hanja: 社內맞선; RR: Sanae Matseon; lit. The Office Blind Date) is a South Korean romantic comedy television series based on the webtoon of the same title written by HaeHwa and illustrated by Narak. |
| Recession | In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). |
| Exhibition game | An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are often used to help coaches and managers select and condition players for the competitive matches of a league season or tournament. |
| Exhibition (scholarship) | An exhibition is a type of scholarship award or bursary.\n\n\n== United Kingdom and Ireland ==\nAt the universities of Dublin, Oxford and Cambridge, and at the public schools of Westminster, Charterhouse, St Paul's, Eton, Winchester, Harrow, Wellington College and various other UK educational establishments such as the University of Sheffield, an exhibition is a small financial award or grant to an individual student, normally on grounds of merit (at Oxford and Cambridge, for example, it is typical to be awarded an exhibition for near-first-class performance in examinations) or demonstrable necessity (in the case of Sheffield's Petrie Watson Exhibition, it is a grant awarded for projects which enhance or complement a current programme of study). |
| Philatelic exhibition | A philatelic exhibition is an exhibition of stamps and postal history where stamp collectors (philatelists) compete for medals. The displays are shown in glass frames, and the exhibition is normally accompanied by stamp dealer bourses and post office stands where stamps and other philatelic items may be purchased. |
| Great Exhibition | The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations, also known as the Great Exhibition or the Crystal Palace Exhibition (in reference to the temporary structure in which it was held), was an international exhibition which took place in Hyde Park, London, from 1 May to 15 October, 1851. It was the first in a series of World's Fairs, exhibitions of culture and industry that became popular in the 19th century. |
| Travelling exhibition | A travelling exhibition, also referred to as a "travelling exhibit" or a "touring exhibition", is a type of exhibition that is presented at more than one venue.\nTemporary exhibitions can bring together objects that might be dispersed among several collections, to reconstruct an original context such as an artist’s career or a patron's collection, or to propose connections - perhaps the result of recent research - which give new insights or a different way of understanding items in museum collections. |
| Yoda conditions | In programming jargon, Yoda conditions (also called Yoda notation) is a programming style where the two parts of an expression are reversed from the typical order in a conditional statement. A Yoda condition places the constant portion of the expression on the left side of the conditional statement. |
| Dirichlet conditions | In mathematics, the Dirichlet conditions are sufficient conditions for a real-valued, periodic function f to be equal to the sum of its Fourier series at each point where f is continuous. Moreover, the behavior of the Fourier series at points of discontinuity is determined as well (it is the midpoint of the values of the discontinuity). |
| Twenty-one Conditions | The Twenty-one Conditions, officially the Conditions of Admission to the Communist International, refer to the conditions, most of which were suggested by Vladimir Lenin, to the adhesion of the socialist parties to the Third International (Comintern) created in 1919. The conditions were formally adopted by the Second Congress of the Comintern in 1920. |
| Nervous Conditions | Nervous Conditions is a novel by Zimbabwean author Tsitsi Dangarembga, first published in the United Kingdom in 1988. It was the first book published by a black woman from Zimbabwe in English. |
| Wolfe conditions | In the unconstrained minimization problem, the Wolfe conditions are a set of inequalities for performing inexact line search, especially in quasi-Newton methods, first published by Philip Wolfe in 1969.In these methods the idea is to find\n\n \n \n \n \n min\n \n x\n \n \n f\n (\n \n x\n \n )\n \n \n {\displaystyle \min _{x}f(\mathbf {x} )}\n for some smooth \n \n \n \n f\n :\n \n \n R\n \n \n n\n \n \n →\n \n R\n \n \n \n {\displaystyle f\colon \mathbb {R} ^{n}\to \mathbb {R} }\n . Each step often involves approximately solving the subproblem\n\n \n \n \n \n min\n \n α\n \n \n f\n (\n \n \n x\n \n \n k\n \n \n +\n α\n \n \n p\n \n \n k\n \n \n )\n \n \n {\displaystyle \min _{\alpha }f(\mathbf {x} _{k}+\alpha \mathbf {p} _{k})}\n where \n \n \n \n \n \n x\n \n \n k\n \n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} _{k}}\n is the current best guess, \n \n \n \n \n \n p\n \n \n k\n \n \n ∈\n \n \n R\n \n \n n\n \n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} _{k}\in \mathbb {R} ^{n}}\n is a search direction, and \n \n \n \n α\n ∈\n \n R\n \n \n \n {\displaystyle \alpha \in \mathbb {R} }\n is the step length. |
| Conditions of Learning | Conditions of Learning, by Robert M. Gagné, was originally published in 1965 by Holt, Rinehart and Winston and describes eight kinds of learning and nine events of instruction. This theory of learning involved two steps. |
| Standard temperature and pressure | Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted standards. |
| Decree nisi | A decree nisi or rule nisi (from Latin nisi 'unless') is a court order that will come into force at a future date unless a particular condition is met. Unless the condition is met, the ruling becomes a decree absolute (rule absolute), and is binding. |
| North American Free Trade Agreement | The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA ; Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte, TLCAN; French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, ALÉNA) was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States that created a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994, and superseded the 1988 Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada. |
| Koch Industries | Koch Industries, Inc. () is an American privately held multinational conglomerate corporation based in Wichita, Kansas. |
| Goodwill Industries | Goodwill Industries International Inc., often shortened in speech and writing to Goodwill (stylized as goodwill), is an American nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization that provides job training, employment placement services, and other community-based programs for people who have barriers to their employment. Goodwill Industries also hires veterans and individuals who lack either education, job experience or face employment challenges. |
| PPG Industries | PPG Industries, Inc. is an American Fortune 500 company and global supplier of paints, coatings, and specialty materials. |
| 343 Industries | 343 Industries is an American video game developer located in Redmond, Washington, part of Xbox Game Studios. Headed by Bonnie Ross, the studio is responsible for the Halo series of military science fiction games, originally created and produced by Bungie, and is the developer of the Slipspace Engine. |
| Britannia Industries | Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian company specialised in food industry, part of the Wadia Group headed by Nusli Wadia. Founded in 1892 and headquartered in Kolkata, it is one of India's oldest existing companies and best known for its biscuit products. |
| Operation Mincemeat | Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin. |
| Special Activities Center | The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015. |
| Emergency operations center | An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands. |
| Operations research | Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences. |
| Operation (mathematics) | In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation. |
| Risk Factors |
|---|
| VIAD CORP Item 1A Risk Factors |
| Because of the following, as well as other variables affecting Viad’s operating results, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods |
| Viad’s businesses and operating results are adversely affected by deterioration in general economic conditions |
| Viad’s businesses are highly sensitive to fluctuations in general economic conditions and are impacted by increases and decreases in costs of materials and operating supplies |
| Operating results for GES and Exhibitgroup depend largely on the number of exhibitions held and on the size of exhibitors’ marketing expenditures |
| These factors depend in part on the strengths or weaknesses of particular industries in which exhibitors operate |
| The number and size of exhibitions generally decrease during periods of adverse economic conditions and increase when general economic conditions are positive |
| Further, many exhibitors view a portion of their marketing budget as discretionary, and, as a result, marketing budgets are frequently among the first expenditures reduced by exhibitors when general economic conditions deteriorate, resulting in exhibitors reusing or refurbishing old exhibits rather than purchasing new exhibits |
| Marketing expenditures often are not increased, and new exhibits not purchased, until general economic conditions improve |
| As a result, during periods of adverse general economic conditions, the operating results of GES and Exhibitgroup may be adversely affected |
| Similarly, revenues from the travel and recreation businesses depend largely on the amount of disposable income that consumers have available for travel |
| This amount decreases during periods of weak general economic conditions |
| Viad’s businesses are adversely affected by disruptions in the travel industry, particularly those adversely affecting the hotel and airline industries |
| The success of Viad’s businesses depends largely on the ability and willingness of people, whether exhibitors, exhibition attendees or other travelers, to travel, which is in turn dependent upon their ability and willingness to find and use transportation alternatives and accommodations |
| As a result, factors adversely affecting the travel industry as a whole, and particularly the airline and hotel industries, generally also adversely affect Viad’s businesses and results of operations |
| Factors that could adversely affect the travel industry as a whole include high or rising fuel prices, increased security requirements, weather conditions, airline accidents and international political instability and hostilities |
| Unexpected events of this nature in the future, or other events that may have an impact on the availability and pricing of air travel and accommodations, could materially adversely affect Viad’s businesses and results of operations |
| Viad’s businesses are seasonal, which causes results of operations to fluctuate and makes results of operations particularly sensitive to adverse events during peak periods |
| GES generally reports higher revenues during the first and second quarters of each year |
| GES reports its lowest revenues in the fourth quarter and Exhibitgroup reports its lowest revenues in the third quarter |
| The travel and recreation businesses are also seasonal, experiencing peak activity during the second and third quarters — these quarters accounted for approximately 84 percent of the travel and recreation businesses’ 2005 revenues |
| Because of the seasonal nature of these businesses, adverse events or conditions occurring during peak periods could particularly affect the operating results of Viad’s businesses |
| Exhibition rotation may impact overall profitability and makes comparisons between periods difficult |
| The business activities of GES and Exhibitgroup are largely dependent upon the frequency, timing and location of exhibitions and events |
| For example, some large exhibitions are not held annually (they may be held once every two or three years or longer), and some large exhibitions may be held at a different time of year than the times at which they have historically been held |
| In addition, the same exhibition may be held in different locations in different years |
| 6 _________________________________________________________________ [64]Table of Contents The results of operations of GES and Exhibitgroup can fluctuate significantly as a result of this rotation |
| The geographic rotation of exhibitions requires Viad to maintain a high degree of flexibility of resources (including personnel and equipment) and may result in a business generating lower margins in a given period if exhibitions shift to higher-cost cities |
| As a consequence of these factors, the operating results for these businesses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter or from year to year, making periodic comparisons difficult |
| Transportation disruptions could adversely affect Viad’s businesses and operating results |
| GES and Exhibitgroup rely on independent transportation carriers to send materials and exhibits to and from exhibitions, warehouse facilities and customer facilities |
| If they were unable to secure the services of these independent transportation carriers at favorable rates, it could have a material adverse affect on these businesses and their results of operations |
| In addition, disruption of transportation services because of weather-related problems, strikes, lockouts or other events could adversely affect their ability to supply services to customers and could cause the cancellation of exhibitions, which may have a material adverse affect on their businesses and operating results |
| Union-represented labor creates an increased risk of work stoppages and higher labor costs |
| A significant portion of Viad’s employees are unionized and Viad is party to over 100 collective-bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year |
| If labor negotiations force the Company to increase wages or benefits and thus increase total labor costs, the increased costs could either be absorbed (which adversely affect operating margins) or passed to the customers, which may lead customers to turn to other vendors in response to higher prices |
| In either event, Viad’s businesses and results of operations could be adversely affected |
| Moreover, if the Company were unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or other work stoppage |
| If a strike were to occur, Viad might be unable to find substitute workers with the necessary skill sets to perform many of the services, and this could adversely affect the Company’s businesses and results of operations |
| Viad competes in competitive industries, and increased competition could negatively impact operating results |
| Viad competes in highly competitive industries |
| Competition in the convention and event services and exhibit design and construction services industries is on the basis of price and service level, among other things |
| To the extent competitors seek to gain or retain their market presence through aggressive underpricing strategies, Viad may be required to lower its prices and rates, thereby adversely affecting operating results |
| If Viad were unable to meet the challenges presented by the competitive environment, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected |
| The failure of a large customer to renew its services contract or the loss of business from convention facilities may adversely impact revenues |
| Although no single customer accounts for more than seven percent of the revenue of any of Viad’s business segments, GES is dependent upon a relatively small number of large exhibition show organizers and Exhibitgroup has a number of large customer accounts |
| The loss of any of these large customers may adversely affect results of operations |
| In addition, GES’s revenues may be significantly impacted if certain convention facilities chose to in-source electrical, plumbing and other services that have represented revenue-generating opportunities for GES When GES is hired as the official services contractor for an exhibition, the exhibition organizer contractually grants GES an exclusive right to perform these electrical and plumbing services, subject in each case to the convention facility’s option to in-source the services (either by performing the services themselves or by hiring a separate service provider) |
| Many convention facilities are currently under financial pressure as a result of conditions generally affecting their industry, including decreased usage and revenues |
| As a result, some of these convention facilities may seek to in-source all or a large portion of these services |
| If a large number of facilities with which GES has these relationships seek to move these facilities services in-house, GES’s revenues and operating results could be affected |
| Viad’s key businesses are relationship driven |
| The business activities of GES and Exhibitgroup are heavily focused on client relationships, and, specifically, on very close collaboration and interaction between teams from the client and GES or Exhibitgroup, as the case may be |
| This close relationship requires the account team to become attuned to the client’s desires and expectations in order to provide 7 _________________________________________________________________ [65]Table of Contents top-quality service |
| Viad has in the past lost, and may in the future lose, important customers if a key member of the account team were to cease employment with the Company and take that customer to a competitor |
| Liabilities relating to prior and discontinued operations may adversely affect results of operations |
| Viad and its predecessors have a corporate history spanning over seven decades and involving approximately 2cmam400 previous subsidiaries in diverse businesses, such as the manufacturing of locomotives, buses, industrial chemicals, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, leather, textiles, food and fresh meats |
| Some of these businesses used raw materials that have been, and may continue to be, the subject of litigation |
| Moreover, some of the raw materials used, and the waste produced, by these businesses have been and are the subject of US federal and state environmental regulations, including laws enacted under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or its state law counterparts |
| In addition, Viad may incur other liabilities, resulting from indemnification or warranty claims involving sold subsidiaries as well as from past operations of those of predecessors or their subsidiaries |
| Although the Company believes it has adequate reserves and sufficient insurance coverage to cover these future liabilities, results of operations could be materially affected if future events or proceedings contradict current assumptions, and reserves or insurance become inadequate |