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Wiki Wiki Summary
Stock market A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Surgery Surgery is a medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery".
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
December December is the twelfth and the final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December 17 December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 14 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n497 BC – The first Saturnalia festival was celebrated in ancient Rome.
December 10 December 10 is the 344th day of the year (345th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 21 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n1317 – The "Nyköping Banquet": King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers Valdemar, Duke of Finland and Eric, Duke of Södermanland, who were subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle.
December 1924 German federal election Federal elections were held in Germany on 7 December 1924, the second that year after the Reichstag had been dissolved on 20 October. The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in the Reichstag, receiving an increased share of the vote and winning 131 of the 493 seats.
December 1 December is the twelfth and the final month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. It is also the last of seven months to have a length of 31 days.
December 18 December 11 is the 345th day of the year (346th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 20 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n220 – Emperor Xian of Han is forced to abdicate the throne by Cao Cao's son Cao Pi, ending the Han dynasty.
December 26 December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 16 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum.
December 31 December 3 is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 28 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date).
December 8 December 3 is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 28 days remain until the end of the year.\n\n\n== Events ==\n\n\n=== Pre-1600 ===\n915 – Pope John X crowns Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor (probable date).
Intellectual property Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others.
Convertible bond In finance, a convertible bond or convertible note or convertible debt (or a convertible debenture if it has a maturity of greater than 10 years) is a type of bond that the holder can convert into a specified number of shares of common stock in the issuing company or cash of equal value. It is a hybrid security with debt- and equity-like features.
Preferred stock Preferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares, or simply preferreds) is a component of share capital that may have any combination of features not possessed by common stock, including properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. Preferred stocks are senior (i.e., higher ranking) to common stock but subordinate to bonds in terms of claim (or rights to their share of the assets of the company, given that such assets are payable to the returnee stock bond) and may have priority over common stock (ordinary shares) in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation.
Common stock Common stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. The terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the United States.
Common stock dividend A common stock dividend is the dividend paid to common stock owners from the profits of the company. Like other dividends, the payout is in the form of either cash or stock.
Matthiola incana Matthiola incana is a species of flowering plant in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. Common names include Brompton stock, common stock, hoary stock, ten-week stock, and gilly-flower.
Consolidation (business) In business, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few much larger ones. In the context of financial accounting, consolidation refers to the aggregation of financial statements of a group company as consolidated financial statements.
New York Stock Exchange The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at US$30.1 trillion as of February 2018.
Treasury stock A treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings). \nStock repurchases are used as a tax efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends, in jurisdictions that treat capital gains more favorably.
Technology Technology is the result of accumulated knowledge and application of skills, methods, and processes used in industrial production and scientific research. Technology is embedded in the operation of all machines, with or without detailed knowledge of their function, for the intended purpose of an organization.
HCL Technologies HCL Technologies (Hindustan Computers Limited) is an Indian multinational information technology (IT) services and consulting company headquartered in Noida. It is a subsidiary of HCL Enterprise.
Raytheon Technologies Raytheon Technologies Corporation is an American multinational aerospace and defense conglomerate headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts. It is one of the largest aerospace, intelligence services providers, and defense manufacturers in the world by revenue and market capitalization.
Renaissance Technologies Renaissance Technologies LLC, also known as RenTech or RenTec, is an American hedge fund based in East Setauket, New York, on Long Island, which specializes in systematic trading using quantitative models derived from mathematical and statistical analysis. Their signature Medallion fund is famed for the best record in investing history.
Emerging technologies Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical applications, or both are still largely unrealized, such that they are figuratively emerging into prominence from a background of nonexistence or obscurity. These technologies are generally new but also include older technologies.
Information technology Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of electronic data and information. IT is typically used within the context of business operations as opposed to personal or entertainment technologies.
Palantir Technologies Palantir Technologies is a public American software company that specializes in big data analytics. Headquartered in Denver, Colorado, it was founded by Peter Thiel, Nathan Gettings, Joe Lonsdale, Stephen Cohen, and Alex Karp in 2003.
Lumen Technologies Lumen Technologies, Inc. (formerly CenturyLink) is an American \ntelecommunications company headquartered in Monroe, Louisiana, that offers communications, network services, security, cloud solutions, voice, and managed services.
Risk Factors
ORCHID CELLMARK INC Item 1A RISK FACTORS If any of the matters included in the following risks were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects could be materially adversely affected
In such case, the value of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment
Risks Related to Our Business If we fail to maintain the service contracts we have with various state and governmental agencies or fail to enter into additional contracts, we would lose a significant source of revenues
We currently derive approximately 98prca of our revenues from the forensic, family relationship and animal and agricultural testing fields
These services are heavily dependent upon contracts with various governmental agencies, which are typically open to bid and usually have a term from one to three years
The process and criteria for these awards are typically complex and highly competitive, particularly with respect to price of services offered
Although we have not previously been debarred or disqualified for breach or non-performance of any contract, if such debarment or disqualification were to occur we may not be awarded future state or government contracts
We may not be able to maintain any of our existing governmental contracts or be the successful bidder on any additional governmental contracts which may become available in the future, or negotiate terms acceptable to us in connection with any governmental contract awarded to us, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition
We currently receive a significant percentage of our annual gross revenue through relationships with two customers and agreements with these customers may terminate
In August of 2001, we entered into a three-year agreement with DEFRA to provide genotyping on sheep in order to test the animals for their susceptibility or resistance to scrapie, which agreement was renewed in June of 2004 for two additional years
These services were provided under an initiative called the National Scrapie Plan to provide genotyping services in the hopes of aiding British farmers to breed sheep with reduced susceptibility to scrapie
Under the agreement, we received income during 2005 that was approximately 8prca of our total annual revenues
This agreement expires in December of 2006 and if we cannot renew this agreement with DEFRA, we would lose our scrapie genotyping business, which would have a material impact on the financial condition of our business
We also signed a five-year agreement in July of 2002 with FAL, an agency through which we perform forensic testing services for multiple police forces throughout the UK It is by virtue of our relationship with FAL that we have been able to increase our revenues based on forensic testing such that the income we received was approximately 29prca of our gross revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
In 2005, FAL was acquired by LGC, a provider of analytical and diagnostic services, including DNA testing services, and to that extent is in a position to compete for the business we currently conduct for FAL If our agreement with FAL is terminated and we are unable to implement plans to enable us to directly provide our services to UK police forces, including having in place in a timely manner the necessary personnel and infrastructure, or are unsuccessful in securing a sufficient number of agreements directly with UK police forces, our business would be materially adversely affected
Together, these two agreements constituted 78prca of international revenues and 37prca of our total revenues for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005
We cannot guarantee the receipt of revenue from our government contracts
We regularly compete in an open bid forum in order to secure or renew contracts with various law enforcement and governmental agencies for the provision of DNA-based testing services
While many times a contract award may have limits that may be paid out under the contract (as allowed by state or other approved 13 ______________________________________________________________________ [37]Table of Contents funding), we are not always able to rely on a fixed amount of revenue based on services provided under the contract
For example, there may be a regulatory or other administrative basis beyond our control for which we do not receive the anticipated number of samples to be tested under a contract, which may have an adverse outcome on services billed or revenue received during a given fiscal period
Also, many contracts with governmental agencies allow for the agency to terminate a contract at any time if funding is not available to pay for our services
Our failure to comply with applicable government and industry regulations or to maintain accreditations may affect our ability to develop, produce or market our potential products and services and may adversely affect our results of operations
All of our laboratories maintain applicable industry accreditations for paternity and forensic testing both in the US and the UK, and voluntary accreditation by the New York State Department of Health and by the Standards Council of Canada
In addition, our UK laboratory must maintain ISO 17025 accreditation in order to continue to provide forensic testing services
We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our accreditations
The loss of our accreditations could adversely affect our existing contracts which, in many cases, require that we maintain these accreditations, and could adversely affect our ability to enter into new contracts
As a result, our revenues could be eliminated or significantly reduced
Our development and testing activities also involve the controlled use of hazardous materials
We are subject to laws and regulations governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of such materials and certain waste products, as well as the conveyance, processing and storage of biological specimens
If we were in violation of any laws or regulations pertaining to the handling or use of hazardous materials, the remediation costs could be high and could have an adverse effect on our business and financial results
We currently rely primarily on a single supplier for the majority of reagents and other components for the performance of our DNA testing services
We currently have a purchase agreement with one supplier through which we purchase the majority of reagents and other components for use in our DNA testing services
Through this purchase agreement we have negotiated favorable discounts for the purchase of these products based on the volume of what we purchase
In the event our current supplier was to experience a major supply problem, we do have the ability to purchase reagents and components from other suppliers
However, if we had to switch to a different supplier or multiple suppliers, we may be required to also change the instruments on which we perform DNA testing services, which could require significant capital investment
International sales are subject to increased costs and other risks, which could affect our revenues
Our business includes international sales which are subject to certain inherent risks, including difficulties in collecting accounts receivable, potentially longer payment cycles, increased costs associated with maintaining international marketing efforts, currency fluctuations as they impact reported results, changes in regulatory requirements and difficulties in enforcement of contractual obligations and intellectual property rights
During 2005, we derived 47prca of our revenues from international sales
We had an accumulated deficit of dlra306 million as of December 31, 2005
If we fail to reach profitability and need to acquire additional capital to fund our current and future operating plans or obtain it on unfavorable terms, then we may have to take further cost-cutting measures
We have expended significant resources developing our facilities and funding commercialization activities
As a result, we have incurred significant losses to date
We had net losses of approximately dlra9dtta4 million, dlra8dtta8 million and dlra23dtta6 million for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively
We anticipate that our existing cash on hand will be sufficient to fund our operations at least through the next twelve months
If 14 ______________________________________________________________________ [38]Table of Contents we fail to reach cash flow self sufficiency, we may need to raise additional funds through the sale of equity, convertible debt or equity-linked securities or we may have to further review our existing operations to determine new measures of cost reduction, such as further consolidation of operational facilities and/or reductions in staff
As a result of our failure to file this Annual Report on Form 10-K by its filing deadline, we are not eligible to register our securities on a registration statement on Form S-3
Therefore, our ability to raise additional capital in the public markets may be adversely affected because registering our securities on other forms, including registration statements on Form S-1, is time consuming and costly
In addition, if our common stock were delisted from The Nasdaq National Market stock, such delisting would impair the liquidity of our common stock and there is no assurance that a market would continue to exist for our common stock
Our potential to raise future capital through the sale of our equity securities would be limited, which could have a material adverse effect on our future business prospects
We have determined that we have material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting
Under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we are required to evaluate and determine the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting
As of December 31, 2005, we did not maintain effective internal control over the application of generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, related to the financial reporting process, and we determined that we experienced two control deficiencies, one of which resulted in an adjustment being required to restate our consolidated financial statements for them to be in compliance with GAAP Accordingly, management has determined that these control deficiencies constitute material weaknesses
Because of these material weaknesses, our management concluded that, as of December 31, 2005, we did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting
If we are not successful in remediating the material weaknesses, or if we determine in future fiscal periods that we have additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, the reliability of our financial reports may be impacted
Future acquisitions or mergers could disrupt our ongoing operations, increase our expenses and adversely affect our revenues
Although we have no commitments or agreements with respect to any acquisitions or mergers at present, we anticipate that a portion of our future growth may be accomplished either by acquiring or merging with existing businesses
Factors that will affect the success of any potential acquisition or merger to be made by us include our ability to integrate acquired personnel, operations, products and technologies into our organization effectively, to motivate personnel and to retain customers of acquired or merged businesses
We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition or merger opportunities, obtain necessary financing for an acquisition on acceptable terms or successfully integrate acquired personnel and operations
While we have not experienced material disruption to our ongoing business or distraction to our management and employees as a result of past acquisitions, we may experience such disruptions or distractions in the future
Our improvement of existing technologies and our ability to capture and develop future technologies to be utilized in our service offerings may not be commercially successful, which could adversely affect our revenues
We are currently developing and commercializing a limited number of services based on our technologies in DNA testing of humans and animals
These services involve uses of products, software and technologies that require validation for commercial application, and we cannot assure you that we or our customers will be able to recognize a cost-effective, commercial benefit in using our technology
In addition, any assays we develop utilizing SNP analysis technology may not be useful in assisting in food safety testing
Only a limited number of companies have developed or commercialized products based on utilizing SNP technology to date
Accordingly, even if we or our customers are successful in developing effective assays utilizing SNP technology, we cannot 15 ______________________________________________________________________ [39]Table of Contents assure you that these discoveries will lead to commercially successful service offerings
If we fail to successfully develop our SNP scoring technologies or any products and services based on such technologies, we may not achieve a competitive position in the market
We may be unable to hire an adequate number of DNA analysts or successfully apply new technology
Our growth and future operating results will also depend, in part, upon our ability to apply new technologies to automate and improve our DNA testing services to take advantage of new technologies
There can be no assurance that our development efforts will result in any additional commercially viable or successful improvements or efficiencies to our testing processes
Any potential improvements to the testing process may require substantial additional investment and possibly regulatory approvals, prior to implementation
Our inability to recruit trained DNA analysts, to develop improvements to our testing processes, to increase efficiencies, or to achieve market acceptance of such improvements could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations
Our future sales and marketing efforts may not be successful in achieving our expected revenue growth
We plan to continue to market our products and services to governments, commercial companies and private individuals
Our ability to successfully obtain new business, and where appropriate, enter into and maintain agreements with our customers, depends in part on the quality and pricing of our products and services
If we are unable to successfully implement our marketing plans, fail to maintain or enhance the quality of our products and services, or fail to offer attractive pricing for our products and services, our expected revenue growth and financial condition could be adversely affected
We have adequate sales and marketing resources, but if our resources become limited, we may not achieve our expected revenue growth
We believe that we currently have adequate resources in marketing and sales, but are subject to the possibility that our competitors may recruit our employees
As of December 31, 2005, we had 12 key marketing and sales employees, none of whom have employment contracts with us
We do not maintain key man life insurance policies for any of these individuals
Our sales and marketing resources are used to market our services to governments, commercial companies and private individuals
If we do not have adequate sales and marketing resources, our expected revenue growth and financial condition could be adversely affected
We may be held liable for any inaccuracies associated with our services, which may require us to defend ourselves in costly litigation
We provide forensic, family relationship and animal and agriculture testing services
Claims may be brought against us for incorrect identification of family relationships or other inaccuracies
Litigation of these claims in most cases is covered by our existing insurance policies
However, we could expend significant funds during any litigation proceeding brought against us and litigation can be a distraction to management
If a court were to require us to pay damages to a plaintiff, if not covered by our existing insurance, the amount of such damages could significantly harm our financial condition, and even if insured, damages could exceed our insurance policy coverage limits
We currently maintain product liability insurance with a maximum coverage limitation of dlra5 million and general laboratory professional liability insurance with a maximum coverage limitation of dlra10 million
We have been named a defendant in a number of minor suits relating to our DNA testing services, including claims of incorrect results
16 ______________________________________________________________________ [40]Table of Contents Our ability to provide services may be seriously impaired by the occurrence of a natural disaster affecting any one or more of our laboratories
Should we experience the occurrence of a natural disaster affecting any one or more of our laboratories such that we would be unable to continue to provide services out of a particular facility for an extended period of time, and we were not able to scale up operations at our other facilities in order to continue to provide such services, we would be at risk of losing significant contractual revenue from governmental agencies since many of our governmental agency contracts allow for the agency to terminate the contract early if we became unable to continue to render such services for an extended period of time, usually 90 days or more
However, we have multiple facilities, and may be able to shift operations from one facility to another in the event of a natural disaster, thereby mitigating the effects thereof
Although we carry insurance for recovery in the instance of a natural disaster, the limits of this insurance are dlra70 million, and it is possible that our coverage will not be the same in all locations or that a loss in such an instance could exceed our ability to recover such costs
Our success will depend partly on our ability to operate without misappropriating the intellectual property rights of others
We may be sued for infringing, or may initiate litigation to determine that we are not infringing, on the intellectual property rights of others
Intellectual property litigation is costly, and could adversely affect our results of operations
If we do not prevail in any intellectual property litigation, in addition to any damages we might have to pay, we could be required to stop the infringing activity, or obtain a license to or design around the intellectual property in question
If we are unable to obtain a required license on acceptable terms, or are unable to practice non-infringing technologies or processes, we may be unable to sell some of our products and services, which would result in reduced revenues
We are named a defendant in a patent litigation matter
However, we believe we have the right to practice such technology by virtue of a third-party agreement, and we are actively engaged in defending this litigation
Other than the foregoing, we are not aware that we are misappropriating the intellectual property rights of others
If we cannot enter into new development or licensing agreements, we may be unable to further enhance our service offerings
Our strategy for developing and commercializing technologies and services based on our discoveries depends upon our ability to enter into development and licensing arrangements
Our ability to enter into advantageous licensing or development agreements will depend upon whether or not companies that have technology complimentary to ours are willing or able to enter into an agreement with us, and on our financial resources allocated to such investment
We also may have to rely on our collaborators and licensees or licensors for marketing of services, or distribution of products and services
If we are unable to enter into such development and licensing arrangements or implement our strategy to develop and commercialize additional products and services, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operation and financial condition
If we enter into collaborations or licensing arrangements, we may be forced to relinquish rights to certain of our technologies or products, or grant licenses to third parties on terms that are unfavorable to us
If our patent applications do not result in issued patents, our competitors may obtain rights to commercialize our discoveries, which would harm our competitive position
Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patent protection on our proprietary technologies, products and services and to enforce such protection
We may not be able to obtain new patents for these technologies, products and services
We also may not have the resources to aggressively protect and enforce existing patent protection
We may need to obtain a license from certain third parties with respect to any patent covering technologies or methodologies which we wish to incorporate into our service offerings, but we may not be able to acquire such licenses on terms acceptable to us, if at all
17 ______________________________________________________________________ [41]Table of Contents The scope of our issued patents may not provide us with adequate protection of our intellectual property, which would harm our competitive position
Any issued patents that cover our proprietary technologies may not provide us with substantial protection or be commercially beneficial to us
The issuance of a patent may be challenged with respect to its validity or its enforceability
The US Patent and Trademark Office (or a court of appropriate jurisdiction), or any one of a number of foreign patent offices where we have pursued patent protection may invalidate one or more of our patents
In addition, third parties may have patents of their own which could, if asserted, prevent us from practicing our proprietary technologies, including the methods we use to conduct genotyping
If we are otherwise unable to practice our patented technologies, we may not be able to commercialize our technologies or services and our competitors could commercialize our technologies
We currently believe that there may be at least one company actively infringing our proprietary single base primer extension technology
However, we have not completed an analysis of this third party’s practices or of the practices of any other third parties and cannot form a conclusion at this time as to infringement
We may need to initiate lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, which could result in the forfeiture of these rights
In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may need to initiate patent litigation against third parties
These lawsuits could be expensive, take significant time and could divert management’s attention from other business concerns
These lawsuits could result in the invalidation or a limitation in the scope of our patents or forfeiture of the rights associated with our patents
We cannot assure you that we will prevail in any future litigation or that a court will not find damages or award other remedies in favor of the opposing party in any of these suits
During the course of these suits, there may be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions and other interim proceedings or developments in the litigation
Securities analysts or investors may perceive these announcements to be negative, which would likely cause the market price of our stock to decline
Other rights and measures that we rely upon to protect our intellectual property may not be adequate to protect our products and services and could reduce our ability to compete in the market
In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, copyright and trademark laws, non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our intellectual property rights
While we require employees, collaborators, consultants and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and/or non-disclosure agreements where appropriate, any of the following could still occur: • the agreements may be breached; • we may have inadequate remedies for any breach; • proprietary information could be disclosed to our competitors; or • others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or disclose such technologies
To our knowledge, we have never been materially harmed by a breach under any of circumstances listed above
However, if for any of the above reasons our intellectual property is disclosed or misappropriated, it would harm both our ability to protect our rights and our competitive position
The pursuit of a remedy for such an alleged breach may cost substantially in terms of the time, effort and expenses of our resources
Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited
As of December 31, 2005, our net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards were approximately dlra234 million and approximately dlra194 million for Federal and state income tax purposes, respectively
Our Federal and state NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2006
Utilization of our NOLs to offset future taxable income, if any, 18 ______________________________________________________________________ [42]Table of Contents may be substantially limited due to “change of ownership” provisions in the Tax Reform Act of 1986, or the Act
The Act provides for a limitation on the annual use of NOL carryforwards and research and development credits following certain ownership changes, as defined by the Act, which could significantly limit our ability to utilize these carryforwards and research and development credits
We have determined that an ownership change, as defined by the Act, occurred in 1999
Approximately dlra36 million of NOL carryforwards is limited due to this ownership change
Additionally, because US tax laws limit the time during which these carryforwards may be applied against future taxes, we may not be able to take full advantage of these attributes for Federal income tax purposes
The NOL carryforwards subject to expiration through the year 2019 is approximately dlra32 million
We may have experienced other ownership changes, as defined by the Act, as a result of past financings and may experience others in connection with future financings
Accordingly, our ability to utilize the aforementioned Federal NOL carryforwards may be further limited in the future
Risks Associated with Our Common Stock Future issuance of our securities may dilute the rights of our stockholders
Our Board of Directors has the authority to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price, preferences, privileges and other terms of these shares
Our Board of Directors may exercise this authority without any further approval of our stockholders
Additionally, if we need to raise additional funds through the sale of equity, convertible debt or equity-linked securities, your percentage ownership in the Company on a diluted basis will be reduced
These transactions may dilute the value of our outstanding common stock
We may also issue securities that have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock
We have various mechanisms in place that you as a stockholder may not consider favorable, which may discourage takeover attempts and may prevent or frustrate attempts by stockholders to change our direction or management
Certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our adoption of a shareholder’s rights plan, may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control or the ability of stockholders to change our direction or management, even if the changes would be beneficial to stockholders
These provisions include: • authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be designated and issued by our Board of Directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and thwart a takeover attempt; • creating a classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of our Board of Directors; • prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors, which will allow a majority of stockholders to control the election of all directors; • requiring super-majority voting to effect certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation and by-laws; • limiting who may call special meetings of stockholders; • prohibiting stockholder action by written consent, which requires all actions to be taken at a meeting of stockholders; and • establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings
In addition, pursuant to our stockholder rights plan, each share of our common stock has an associated preferred share purchase right
The rights will not trade separately from the common stock until, and are exercisable only upon, the acquisition or the potential acquisition through tender offer by a person or group of 15prca or more of our outstanding common stock
19 ______________________________________________________________________ [43]Table of Contents Our common stock may be delisted from The Nasdaq National Market
Because of material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the quarters ended June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2005, we did not file this Annual Report on Form 10-K in a timely manner
As a result, The Nasdaq National Market, or Nasdaq, notified us that we were not in compliance with a listing standard of Nasdaq
We subsequently submitted a request for a Nasdaq Listing Qualifications Panel, or the Panel, to consider our continued listing
The hearing was held April 27, 2006, and as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Panel had yet to render its decision regarding the continued listing of our common stock on Nasdaq
In addition, as a result of the delay in filing this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we did not file our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 by the date required by the SEC On May 16, 2006, we received a letter from Nasdaq indicating that the failure to file our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 serves as an additional basis for delisting our common stock
If the Panel rules against us or if we fail to demonstrate compliance with applicable Nasdaq rules in the future, our common stock may be delisted from Nasdaq, which could materially adversely affect the trading price and volumes of our common stock regardless of our actual results of operations
Public announcements regarding the possible delisting of our common stock could result in extreme price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated or disproportionate to our actual operating performance
In addition, the delisting of our common stock would impair the liquidity of our common stock and there is no assurance that a market would exist for our common stock
Even though we have filed this Annual Report on Form 10-K and expect to file our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2006 as soon as possible, we cannot assure you that the Panel will not determine to delist our common stock from Nasdaq
Our stock price has been, and likely will continue to be, volatile and your investment may suffer a decline in value
The market prices for securities of companies quoted on The Nasdaq Stock Market, including our market price, have in the past been, and are likely to continue in the future to be, very volatile
Between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005, the closing price of our common stock (adjusted for our reverse stock split on March 31, 2004) ranged from a low of dlra5dtta46 to a high of dlra14dtta25
The Nasdaq Composite Index has significantly declined since our initial public offering in May 2000 and remains very volatile
The market price of our common stock has been, and likely will continue to be, subject to substantial volatility depending upon many factors, many of which are beyond our control, including: • announcements regarding the results of development efforts by us or our competitors; • announcements regarding the acquisition of technologies or companies by us or our competitors; • changes in our existing development or licensing arrangements or formation of new development or licensing arrangements; • technological innovations or new service offerings developed by us or our competitors; • changes in our intellectual property portfolio; • developments or disputes concerning our proprietary rights; • issuance of new or changed securities analysts’ reports and/or recommendations applicable to us; • additions or departures of our key personnel; • our operating losses; and • continued economic uncertainty with respect to the valuation of certain technology companies and other market conditions
20 ______________________________________________________________________ [44]Table of Contents Fluctuations in our quarterly revenues and operating results may negatively impact our stock price
Our revenues and results of operations have fluctuated significantly in the past and these fluctuations are likely to continue in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control
These factors include: • the timing of US Federal funding for forensic DNA testing through the NIJ; • our ability to secure new contractual relationships for forensic, family relationship and animal and agricultural testing or retain existing relationships upon contract expirations; • the volume and timing of testing samples received in our laboratories for testing services; • the number of trained DNA analysts which are available to process the samples for testing services; • the number, timing and significance of new services introduced by our competitors; • our ability to develop, market and introduce new services on a timely basis; • our ability to maintain and grow the volume of forensic testing services in the UK, either through extension of our agreement with FAL or by directly providing our services to UK police forces; • changes in the cost, quality and availability of intellectual property and components required to perform our services; • availability of commercial and government funding to researchers who use our services; and • the inherent seasonality in our animal testing business during the winter months
Fixed operating costs associated with our technologies and services, as well as personnel costs, marketing and sales programs and overhead costs, account for a substantial portion of our operating expenses
We cannot adjust these expenses quickly in the short term
If our testing volumes and related pricing decline due to market pressure, our revenues will decline and we may not be able to reduce our operating expenses accordingly
Our loss of revenues and failure to reduce operating expenses could harm our operating results for a particular fiscal period
In addition, market and other conditions may require certain non-cash charges such as impairment charges related to long-lived assets and restructuring charges to be recorded by us in future periods
If our operating results in any quarter or quarters fail to meet the expectations of public market analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock is likely to fall
We cannot assure you that your investment in our common stock will not fluctuate significantly
One or more of these factors could significantly harm our business and cause a decline in the price of our common stock in the public market