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Wiki Wiki Summary
Political obligation Political obligation refers to a moral requirement to obey national laws. Its origins are unclear, however it traces to the Ancient Greeks.
Law of obligations The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems. It is the body of rules that organizes and regulates the rights and duties arising between individuals.
Deontology In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Greek: δέον, 'obligation, duty' + λόγος, 'study') is the normative ethical theory that the morality of an action should be based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules, rather than based on the consequences of the action. It is sometimes described as duty-, obligation-, or rule-based ethics.
Solidary obligations A solidary obligation, or an obligation in solidum, is a type of obligation in the civil law jurisprudence that allows either obligors to be bound together, each liable for the whole performance, or obligees to be bound together, all owed just a single performance and each entitled to the entirety of it. In general, solidarity of an obligation is never presumed, and it must be expressly stated as the true intent of the parties' will.
Positive obligations Positive obligations in human rights law denote a State's obligation to engage in an activity to secure the effective enjoyment of a fundamental right, as opposed to the classical negative obligation to merely abstain from human rights violations.\nClassical human rights, such as the right to life or freedom of expression, are formulated or understood as prohibitions for the State to act in a way that would violate these rights.
Competition Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc.
Competition law Competition law is the field of law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies. Competition law is implemented through public and private enforcement.
Cournot competition Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each other and at the same time. It is named after Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801–1877) who was inspired by observing competition in a spring water duopoly.
Interspecific competition Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space).
OfficeMax OfficeMax is an American office supplies retailer founded in 1988. It is now a subsidiary of The ODP Corporation, which is headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida.
Marketing Marketing is the process of exploring, creating, and delivering value to meet the needs of a target market in terms of goods and services; potentially including selection of a target audience; selection of certain attributes or themes to emphasize in advertising; operation of advertising campaigns; attendance at trade shows and public events; design of products and packaging attractive to buyers; defining the terms of sale, such as price, discounts, warranty, and return policy; product placement in media or with people believed to influence the buying habits of others; agreements with retailers, wholesale distributors, or resellers; and attempts to create awareness of, loyalty to, and positive feelings about a brand. Marketing is typically done by the seller, typically a retailer or manufacturer.
Competitor analysis Competitive analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats.
Competitors for the Crown of Scotland When the crown of Scotland became vacant in September 1290 on the death of the seven-year-old child Queen Margaret, 13 claimants to the throne came forward. Those with the most credible claims were John Balliol, Robert Bruce, John Hastings and Floris V, Count of Holland.
List of female fitness and figure competitors This is a list of female fitness and figure competitors.\n\n\n== A ==\nJelena Abbou\n\n\n== B ==\nLauren Beckham\nAlexandra Béres\nSharon Bruneau\n\n\n== C ==\nNatalie Montgomery-Carroll\nJen Cassetty\nKim Chizevsky\nSusie Curry\n\n\n== D ==\nDebbie Dobbins\nNicole Duncan\n\n\n== E ==\nJamie Eason\nAlexis Ellis\n\n\n== F ==\nAmy Fadhli\nJaime Franklin\n\n\n== G ==\nAdela García \nConnie Garner\nElaine Goodlad\nTracey Greenwood\nOksana Grishina\n\n\n== H ==\nMallory Haldeman\nVanda Hădărean\nJen Hendershott\nSoleivi Hernandez\nApril Hunter\n\n\n== I ==\n\n\n== J ==\nTsianina Joelson\n\n\n== K ==\nAdria Montgomery-Klein\nAshley Kaltwasser\n\n\n== L ==\nLauren Lillo\nMary Elizabeth Lado\nTammie Leady\nJennifer Nicole Lee\nAmber Littlejohn\nJulie Lohre\nJenny Lynn\n\n\n== M ==\nTimea Majorová\nLinda Maxwell\nDavana Medina\nJodi Leigh Miller\nChisato Mishima\n\n\n== N ==\nKim Nielsen\n\n\n== O ==\n\n\n== P ==\nVicky Pratt\nElena Panova\nChristine Pomponio-Pate\nCathy Priest\n\n\n== Q ==\n\n\n== R ==\nMaite Richert\nCharlene Rink\nKelly Ryan\n\n\n== S ==\nErin Stern\nCarol Semple-Marzetta\nKrisztina Sereny\nTrish Stratus (Patricia Anne Stratigias)\n\n\n== T ==\nKristi Tauti\nJennifer Thomas\n\n\n== U ==\n\n\n== V ==\nLisa Marie Varon\n\n\n== W ==\nLatisha Wilder\nTorrie Wilson\nLyen Wong\nJenny Worth\nNicole Wilkins\n\n\n== Y ==\n\n\n== Z ==\nMarietta Žigalová\nMalika Zitouni\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of female bodybuilders\n\n\n== References ==\nThere has been a rise in the number of women wanting to compete as fitness models.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Statistical significance In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis. More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by \n \n \n \n α\n \n \n {\displaystyle \alpha }\n , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that the null hypothesis is true; and the p-value of a result, \n \n \n \n p\n \n \n {\displaystyle p}\n , is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme, given that the null hypothesis is true.
Significant Mother Significant Mother is an American television sitcom created by Erin Cardillo and Richard Keith. Starring Josh Zuckerman, Nathaniel Buzolic and Krista Allen, it premiered on The CW network on August 3 and ended its run on October 5, 2015.
Internet In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay the lender or some third party.
Suicide watch Suicide watch (sometimes shortened to SW) is an intensive monitoring process used to ensure that any person cannot attempt suicide. Usually the term is used in reference to inmates or patients in a prison, hospital, psychiatric hospital or military base.
Headquarters Headquarters (commonly referred to as HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities.
Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron A Headquarters and Headquarters Squadron, abbreviated as HHS or HQHQSQDN, is the headquarters entity for a United States Marine Corps aviation facility.\n\n\n== Organization ==\nA H&HS usually consists of the headquarters group (the station commanding general or officer), the squadron headquarters (commanding officer and his staff), public affairs and journalism, facilities planning & maintenance, a motor pool, air traffic control, meteorology, fuels, ordnance, other aviation support, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting, a Provost Marshal, the Station Judge Advocate's Office, some sort of United States Navy medical facility, and Marine Corps Community Services, which usually host services like a post exchange, a commissary, gas stations, barber shops, library, movie theater, family services, Single Marine Program, and the like.
Debt consolidation Debt consolidation is a form of debt refinancing that entails taking out one loan to pay off many others. This commonly refers to a personal finance process of individuals addressing high consumer debt, but occasionally it can also refer to a country's fiscal approach to consolidate corporate debt or government debt.
Soil consolidation Soil consolidation refers to the mechanical process by which soil changes volume gradually in response to a change in pressure. This happens because soil is a two-phase material, comprising soil grains and pore fluid, usually groundwater.
Democratic consolidation Democratic consolidation is the process by which a new democracy matures, in a way that it becomes unlikely to revert to authoritarianism without an external shock, and is regarded as the only available system of government within a country. This is the case when: no significant political group seriously attempts to overthrow the democratic regime, the democratic system is regarded as the most appropriate way to govern by the vast majority of the public, and all political actors are accustomed to the fact that conflicts are resolved through established political and constitutional rules.
Legal liability In law, liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from various areas of law, such as contracts, torts, taxes, or fines given by government agencies.
Forest product A forest product is any material derived from forestry for direct consumption or commercial use, such as lumber, paper, or fodder for livestock. Wood, by far the dominant product of forests, is used for many purposes, such as wood fuel (e.g.
Non-timber forest product Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are useful foods, substances, materials and/or commodities obtained from forests other than timber. Harvest ranges from wild collection to farming.
Forestry in India Forestry in India is a significant rural industry and a major environmental resource. India is one of the ten most forest-rich countries of the world.
Liability (financial accounting) In financial accounting, a liability is defined as the future sacrifices of economic benefits that the entity is\nobliged to make to other entities as a result of past transactions or other past events, the settlement of which may result in the transfer or use of assets, provision of services or other yielding of economic benefits in the future.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nA liability is defined by the following characteristics:\n\nAny type of borrowing from persons or banks for improving a business or personal income that is payable during short or long time;\nA duty or responsibility to others that entails settlement by future transfer or use of assets, provision of services, or other transaction yielding an economic benefit, at a specified or determinable date, on occurrence of a specified event, or on demand;\nA duty or responsibility that obligates the entity to another, leaving it little or no discretion to avoid settlement; and,\nA transaction or event obligating the entity that has already occurredLiabilities in financial accounting need not be legally enforceable; but can be based on equitable obligations or constructive obligations.
The Liability The Liability (also known as The Hitman's Apprentice) is a 2013 British black comedy crime-thriller film directed by Craig Viveiros and written by John Wrathall. The film stars Tim Roth, Talulah Riley, Jack O'Connell and Peter Mullan.
Accrued liabilities Accrued liabilities are liabilities that reflect expenses that have not yet been paid or logged under accounts payable during an accounting period; in other words, a company's obligation to pay for goods and services that have been provided for which invoices have not yet been received. Examples would include accrued wages payable, accrued sales tax payable, and accrued rent payable.
Boise Cascade Boise Cascade Company (NYSE: BCC), which uses the trade name Boise Cascade, is a North American manufacturer of wood products and wholesale distributor of building materials, headquartered in Boise, Idaho.\nA public company with sales over $7.9 billion in 2021, it is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol BCC. Boise Cascade Wood Products manufactures plywood, engineered wood products and lumber; it supplies a broad line of wood products and building materials through Boise Cascade Building Materials Distribution's 38 distribution locations.
Boise, Idaho Boise ( (listen) BOY-see) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Idaho and is the county seat of Ada County. On the Boise River in southwestern Idaho, it is 41 miles (66 km) east of the Oregon border and 110 miles (177 km) north of the Nevada border.
List of airline codes This is a list of all airline codes. The table lists the IATA airline designators, the ICAO airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator).
Risk Factors
Statements that are not historical or current facts, including statements about our expectations, anticipated financial results and future business prospects, are forward-looking statements
You can identify these statements by our use of words such as &quote may, &quote &quote will, &quote &quote expect, &quote &quote believe, &quote &quote should, &quote &quote plan, &quote &quote anticipate &quote and other similar expressions
You can find examples of these statements throughout this report, including Managementapstas Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We cannot guarantee that our actual results will be consistent with the forward-looking statements we make in this report
We have listed below some of the inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those we project
We do not assume an obligation to update any forward-looking statement
Intense competition in our markets could harm our ability to achieve or maintain profitability
The office products market is highly competitive
Purchasers of office products have many options when purchasing office supplies and paper, print and document services, technology products and solutions and office furniture
We compete with worldwide contract stationers, large retail office products suppliers, direct-mail distributors, discount retailers, drugstores, supermarkets and thousands of local and regional contract stationers, many of whom have long-standing customer relationships
Increased competition in the office products industry, together with increased advertising, has heightened price awareness among end-users
Such heightened price awareness has led to margin pressure on office products
Some of our competitors are larger than we are and have greater financial and other resources available to them, and there can be no assurance that we can continue to compete successfully with them
Our retail business may face increased competition from well-established mass merchant retailers who have the financial and distribution abilities to compete effectively with us should they choose to (a) increase their presence in the office superstore, Internet office supply or contract stationer business, or (b) substantially expand their office product offerings in their existing retail outlets
Further, various other retailers that have not historically competed with superstores, such as drugstores and grocery chains, have begun carrying at least a limited assortment of basic office supplies
Many of our competitors have increased their presence in our markets in recent years and are expected to do so in the future
We may also encounter significant competition in the areas of price and selection from merchants that focus heavily on Internet sales, some of whom may operate few, if any, stores and thereby limit their fixed costs
In particular, they may be formidable competitors with respect to customers who are willing to look for the absolute lowest price without regard to the other attributes of our business model, including customer service
In addition, increasing numbers of manufacturers of computer hardware, software and peripherals, including certain of our suppliers, have expanded their own direct marketing of products, particularly over the Internet
There is a possibility that any or all of these competitors could become more aggressive in the future, thereby increasing the number and breadth of our competitors, potentially having a material adverse effect on our retail business and results of our operations
We may be unable to open and remodel stores successfully
Our business plans include the opening and remodeling of a significant number of retail stores, including the opening of up to 70 new stores in 2006
For these plans to be successful, we must identify and lease favorable store 6 _________________________________________________________________ sites, develop remodeling plans, hire and train associates and adapt management and systems to meet the needs of these operations
These tasks are difficult to manage successfully
If we are not able to open and remodel stores as quickly as we have planned, our future financial performance could be materially and adversely affected
Further, we cannot ensure that the new or remodeled stores will achieve the sales or profit levels that we anticipate
This is particularly true as we introduce different store designs, formats and sizes or enter into new market areas
In particular, the &quote Advantage &quote prototype store format we intend to utilize for new and remodeled stores is new and there can be no assurance as to whether or to what extent that format will be successful
Economic conditions directly influence our operating results
Economic conditions, both domestically and abroad, directly influence our operating results
Current economic conditions, including the level of unemployment and energy costs, may adversely affect our business and the results of our operations
Our quarterly operating results are subject to fluctuation
Factors that may contribute to these quarter-to-quarter fluctuations could include the effects of seasonality, our level of advertising and marketing, new store openings, changes in product mix and competitors &apos pricing
These quarterly fluctuations could have an adverse effect on both our operating results and the price of our common stock
Our operating results may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract and retain key personnel
In conjunction with our headquarters consolidation, we will need to hire approximately 600 new employees to replace existing associates who are not relocating to the new headquarters
We may not be successful in attracting and retaining highly qualified associates
Additionally, we may not be able to continue to attract and retain other key personnel in the future
The inability to continue to attract and retain other key personnel could adversely affect our operating results
We cannot ensure the headquarters consolidation will go smoothly
The consolidation of our headquarters in Naperville, Illinois in 2006 not only requires the hiring of approximately 600 new associates as discussed above, it also involves the relocation of our data center and other key corporate functions
Unanticipated complications in the headquarters consolidation could adversely affect our operating results
We have more indebtedness than some of our key competitors, which could adversely affect our cash flows, business and ability to fulfill our debt obligations
Although we have repaid a significant portion of our debt with the proceeds from the Sale, we will still have more debt than several of our key competitors
Because we have more debt, we are required to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to repay debt
This reduces the funds we have available for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, new stores, store remodels and other purposes
Similarly, our larger debt levels increase our vulnerability to, and limit our flexibility in planning for, adverse economic and industry conditions and create other competitive disadvantages compared with other companies with lower debt levels
We cannot ensure the completion of our integration efforts will be successful
Our acquisition of OfficeMax, Inc, in December 2003, required the integration and coordination of our existing contract stationer operations with the retail operations of the acquired company
We have not completed the integration of these operations
Integrating and coordinating these operations has involved complex operational and personnel-related challenges
This process will continue to be time-consuming and expensive, may disrupt our day-to-day business activities and may not result in the full benefits that we expect
The difficulties, costs and delays that we could still encounter include unanticipated issues in integrating information, communications and other systems; the loss of customers; unanticipated incompatibility of purchasing, logistics, marketing, 7 _________________________________________________________________ and administration methods; and unanticipated costs of terminating or relocating facilities and operations
There may also be negative effects associated with employee morale and performance because of job changes and reassignments
We retained responsibility for certain liabilities of the paper, forest products and timberland businesses we sold
These obligations include liabilities related to environmental, tax, litigation and employee benefit matters
Some of these retained liabilities could turn out to be significant, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations
Our exposure to these liabilities could harm our ability to compete with other office products distributors, who would not typically be subject to similar liabilities
Our continued equity interest in Boise Cascade, LLC subjects us to the risks associated with the paper and forest products industry
When we sold our forest products businesses, we purchased a continuing equity interest in affiliates of Boise Cascade, LLC In addition, we have an ongoing obligation to purchase paper from an affiliate of Boise Cascade, LLC These continuing interests subject us to market risks associated with the paper and forest products industry
These industries are subject to cyclical market pressures
Historical prices for products have been volatile, and industry participants have limited influence over the timing and extent of price changes
The relationship between supply and demand in these industries significantly affects product pricing
Demand for building products is driven mainly by factors such as new construction and remodeling rates, interest rates and weather
The supply of paper and building products fluctuates based on manufacturing capacity, and excess capacity, both domestically and abroad, can result in significant variations in product prices
The level of supply and demand for forest products will affect the price we pay for paper
Our ability to realize the carrying value of our equity interest in affiliates of Boise Cascade LLC is dependent upon many factors, including the operating performance of Boise Cascade LLC and other market factors that may not be specific to Boise Cascade LLC, due in part to the fact that there is not a liquid market for our equity interest
Our exposure to these risks could decrease our ability to compete effectively with our competitors, who typically are not subject to such exposures
Compromises of customer debit and credit card data, regardless of the source of the breach, may damage OfficeMax reputation
There is an ongoing federal investigation relating to ATM fraud involving legitimate debit card use at various retailers that was later tied to fraudulent transactions outside the US While we have no knowledge of a security breach at OfficeMax, it is possible that information security compromises involving OfficeMax customer data, including breaches that occur at third party processors, may damage our reputation
Such damage to our reputation could adversely affect our operating results