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Wiki	Wiki Summary
Balance sheet	In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year.
Financial statement	Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of the financial activities and position of a business, person, or other entity.\nRelevant financial information is presented in a structured manner and in a form which is easy to understand.
Financial law	Financial law is the law and regulation of the insurance, derivatives, commercial banking, capital markets and investment management sectors. Understanding Financial law is crucial to appreciating the creation and formation of banking and financial regulation, as well as the legal framework for finance generally.
Financial analysis	Financial analysis (also referred to as financial statement analysis or accounting analysis or Analysis of finance) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability, and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. \nIt is performed by professionals who prepare reports using ratios and other techniques, that make use of information taken from financial statements and other reports.
Operation Mincemeat	Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Operation (mathematics)	In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Yoda conditions	In programming jargon, Yoda conditions (also called Yoda notation) is a programming style where the two parts of an expression are reversed from the typical order in a conditional statement. A Yoda condition places the constant portion of the expression on the left side of the conditional statement.
Twenty-one Conditions	The Twenty-one Conditions, officially the Conditions of Admission to the Communist International, refer to the conditions, most of which were suggested by Vladimir Lenin, to the adhesion of the socialist parties to the Third International (Comintern) created in 1919. The conditions were formally adopted by the Second Congress of the Comintern in 1920.
Nervous Conditions	Nervous Conditions is a novel by Zimbabwean author Tsitsi Dangarembga, first published in the United Kingdom in 1988. It was the first book published by a black woman from Zimbabwe in English.
Standard temperature and pressure	Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data. The most used standards are those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), although these are not universally accepted standards.
Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions	In mathematical optimization, the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, also known as the Kuhn–Tucker conditions, are first derivative tests (sometimes called first-order necessary conditions) for a solution in nonlinear programming to be optimal, provided that some regularity conditions are satisfied.\nAllowing inequality constraints, the KKT approach to nonlinear programming generalizes the method of Lagrange multipliers, which allows only equality constraints.
Lluís Companys	Lluís Companys i Jover (Catalan pronunciation: [ʎuˈis kumˈpaɲs]; 21 June 1882 – 15 October 1940) was a Spanish politician from Catalonia who served as president of Catalonia from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.\nCompanys was a lawyer close to labour movement and one of the most prominent leaders of the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) political party, founded in 1931.
Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona	Passeig de Lluís Companys (Catalan pronunciation: [pəˈsɛdʒ də ʎuˈis kumˈpaɲs]) is a promenade in the Ciutat Vella and Eixample districts of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, and can be seen as an extension of Passeig de Sant Joan. It was named after President Lluís Companys, who was executed in 1940.
Company	A company, abbreviated as co., is a legal entity representing an association of people, whether natural, legal or a mixture of both, with a specific objective. Company members share a common purpose and unite to achieve specific, declared goals.
Companys, procés a Catalunya	Companys, procés a Catalunya (Spanish: Companys, proceso a Cataluña) is a 1979 Spanish Catalan drama film directed by Josep Maria Forn, based on the last months of the life of the President of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, in which he shows his detention by the Nazis and his subsequent execution by the Spanish Francoists. It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1979 Cannes Film Festival.
Holding company	A holding company is a company whose primary business is holding a controlling interest in the securities of other companies. A holding company usually does not produce goods or services itself.
List of largest companies in the United States by revenue	This list comprises the largest companies in the United States by revenue as of 2022, according to the Fortune 500 tally of companies. Retail corporation Walmart has been the largest company in the US by revenue since 2014.
El Tarròs	El Tarròs (Spanish: Tarrós) is a small village in Tornabous municipality, in the province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Spain. In 2008 it had 100 inhabitants.
Material	Material is a substance or mixture of substances that constitutes an object. Materials can be pure or impure, living or non-living matter.
Materials science	The interdisciplinary field of materials science covers the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids. The field is also commonly termed materials science and engineering emphasizing engineering aspects of building useful items, and materials physics, which emphasizes the use of physics to describe material properties.
Building material	Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings.
Lime (material)	Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral composed primarily of oxides, and hydroxide, usually calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide. It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta.
Composite material	A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials. These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual elements.
Federal Direct Student Loan Program	The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program (also called FDLP, FDSLP, and Direct Loan Program) provides "low-interest loans for students and parents to help pay for the cost of a student's education after high school. The lender is the U.S. Department of Education ...
Financial crisis of 2007–2008	The financial crisis of 2008, or Global Financial Crisis, was a severe worldwide economic crisis that occurred in the early 21st century. It was the most serious financial crisis since the Great Depression (1929).
Real-estate bubble	A real-estate bubble or property bubble (or housing bubble for residential markets) is a type of economic bubble that occurs periodically in local or global real-estate markets, and typically follow a land boom. A land boom is the rapid increase in the market price of real property such as housing until they reach unsustainable levels and then decline.
Collateralized debt obligation	A collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is a type of structured asset-backed security (ABS). Originally developed as instruments for the corporate debt markets, after 2002 CDOs became vehicles for refinancing mortgage-backed securities (MBS).
Student loan	A student loan is a type of loan designed to help students pay for post-secondary education and the associated fees, such as tuition, books and supplies, and living expenses. It may differ from other types of loans in the fact that the interest rate may be substantially lower and the repayment schedule may be deferred while the student is still in school.
Interest	In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay the lender or some third party.
Compound interest	Compound interest is the addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, interest on principal plus interest. It is the result of reinvesting interest, or adding it to the loaned capital rather than paying it out, or requiring payment from borrower, so that interest in the next period is then earned on the principal sum plus previously accumulated interest.
Interest rate	An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited, or borrowed (called the principal sum). The total interest on an amount lent or borrowed depends on the principal sum, the interest rate, the compounding frequency, and the length of time over which it is lent, deposited, or borrowed.
Víctor Gay Zaragoza	Víctor Gay Zaragoza (born 19 June 1982 in Barcelona, Spain) is a writer, storyteller, trainer and consultant on storytelling. He is author of the essays "Filosofía Rebelde" (Rebel Philosophy), "50 libros que cambiarán tu vida" (50 books that will change your life) and the historical novel "El defensor" (The defender).
Real interest rate	The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
The Weather Company	The Weather Company is a weather forecasting and information technology company that owns and operates weather.com and Weather Underground. The Weather Company has been a subsidiary of the Watson & Cloud Platform business unit of IBM since 2016.
The Longaberger Company	The Longaberger Company is an American manufacturer and distributor of handcrafted maple wood baskets and other home and lifestyle products. The company opened in 1973, was acquired in 2013 by CVSL, Inc., and closed in 2018.

Risk Factors
MIDWEST BANC HOLDINGS INC Item 1A Risk Factors The Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks
Changes in economic conditions, in particular an economic slowdown in Chicago, Illinois, could hurt the Company’s business materially
The Company’s business is directly affected by factors such as economic, political and market conditions, broad trends in industry and finance, legislative and regulatory changes, changes in government monetary and fiscal policies and inflation, all of which are beyond its control
Deterioration in economic conditions, in particular an economic slowdown in Chicago, Illinois, could result in the following consequences, any of which could hurt the Company’s business materially: • loan delinquencies may increase; • problem assets and foreclosures may increase; • demand for its products and services may decline; • low cost or noninterest bearing deposits may decrease; and • collateral for loans made by us, especially real estate, may decline in value, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral associated with the Company’s existing loans
A large percentage of the Company’s loans are collateralized by real estate, and an adverse change in the real estate market may result in losses and adversely affect its profitability
Approximately 84dtta9prca of the Company’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2005 was comprised of loans collateralized by real estate; a substantial portion of this real estate collateral is located in the Chicago market
An adverse change in the economy affecting real estate values generally or in the Chicago market specifically could significantly impair the value of the Company’s collateral and its ability to sell the collateral upon foreclosure
In the event of a default with respect to any of these loans, amounts received upon sale of the collateral may be insufficient to recover outstanding principal and interest on the loan
As a result, the Company’s profitability could be negatively impacted by an adverse change in the real estate market
The Company’s business is subject to interest rate risk and fluctuations in interest rates may adversely affect its earnings
The majority of the Company’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and subject to risk from changes in interest rates
Like most financial institutions, the Company’s earnings and profitability depend significantly on its net interest income, which is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investment securities, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings
The Company expects that it will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities, meaning that either its interest-bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than its interest-earning assets, or vice versa
However, the actual effect of 17 _________________________________________________________________ changing interest rates on the Company’s earnings may vary due to the speed and magnitude of the changes, the degree to which short-term and long-term rates are similarly affected, and other factors
The Company’s asset-liability management strategy may not be able to control its risk from changes in market interest rates, and it may not be able to prevent changes in interest rates from having a material adverse effect on its results of operations and financial condition
In addition, the Company is unable to predict or control fluctuations of market interest rates, which are affected by many factors, including the following: • inflation; • recession; • changes in unemployment; • the money supply; and • international disorder and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets
Changes in interest rates may also adversely affect the growth rate of the Company’s loans and deposits, the quality of its loan portfolio, loan and deposit pricing, the volume of loan originations in its mortgage banking business and the value that it can recognize on the sale of mortgage loans in the secondary market
The Company’s allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses, which could adversely affect its results of operations
As a lender, the Company is exposed to the risk that its loan customers may not repay their loans according to their terms and that the collateral securing the payment of these loans may be insufficient to assure repayment
The Company may experience significant loan losses which could have a material adverse effect on its operating results
Management makes various assumptions and judgments about the collectibility of the Company’s loan portfolio, which are based in part on: • current economic conditions and their estimated effects on specific borrowers; • an evaluation of the existing relationships among loans, potential loan losses and the present level of the allowance; • results of examinations of the Company’s loan portfolios by regulatory agencies; and • management’s internal review of the loan portfolio
The Company maintains an allowance for loan losses in an attempt to cover probable incurred loan losses inherent in its loan portfolio
Additional loan losses will likely occur in the future and may occur at a rate greater than the Company has experienced to date
In determining the size of the allowance, the Company relies on an analysis of its loan portfolio, its experience, and its evaluation of general economic conditions
If the Company’s assumptions and analysis prove to be incorrect, its current allowance may not be sufficient
In addition, adjustments may be necessary to allow for unexpected volatility or deterioration in the local or national economy or other factors such as changes in interest rates that may be beyond its control
Material additions to the allowance would materially decrease the Company’s net income
In addition, federal regulators periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses and may require it to increase its provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those of the Company’s management
Any increase in the Company’s loan allowance or loan charge-offs as required by these regulatory agencies could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations
An interruption in or breach in security of the Company’s information systems may result in a loss of customer business
The Company relies heavily on communications and information systems to conduct its business
Any failure or interruptions or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in its customer relationship management, general ledger, deposits, servicing, or loan origination systems
The 18 _________________________________________________________________ occurrence of any failures or interruptions could result in a loss of customer business and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition
The Company’s ability to pay dividends and make payment on its debt securities is dependent on the earnings of its subsidiaries and is subject to other restrictions
Most of the Company’s revenues available for payment of dividends and to make payments on its debt securities derive from amounts paid to it by its subsidiary bank
Under applicable banking law, the total dividends declared in any calendar year by a state-chartered bank (the Bank) may not, without the approval of the Federal Reserve, or the FDIC, as the case may be, exceed the aggregate of the bank’s net profits and retained net profits for the preceding two years
The Bank is also subject to limits on dividends under the Illinois Banking Act
If, in the opinion of the federal bank regulatory agency, a depository institution under its jurisdiction is engaged in or is about to engage in an unsafe or unsound practice (which, depending on the financial condition of the depository institution, could include the payment of dividends), the agency may require that the bank cease and desist from the practice
The Federal Reserve has similar authority with respect to bank holding companies
In addition, the federal bank regulatory agencies have issued policy statements which provide that insured banks and bank holding companies should generally only pay dividends out of current operating earnings
Finally, these regulatory authorities have established guidelines with respect to the maintenance of appropriate levels of capital by a bank, bank holding company or savings association under their jurisdiction
Compliance with the standards set forth in these guidelines could limit the amount of dividends that the Company and its affiliates may pay in the future
Under the terms of junior indentures the Company has issued, it has agreed not to declare or pay any dividends or distributions on, or redeem, purchase, acquire or make a liquidation payment with respect to, any of its common stock or preferred stock if, at that time, there is a default under the junior indenture or a related guarantee or it has delayed interest payments on the securities issued under the junior indenture
The Company also has dividend limitations under its revolving line of credit agreement
The Company’s business may be adversely affected by the highly regulated environment in which it operates
The Company is subject to extensive federal and state legislation, regulation and supervision
The burden of regulatory compliance has increased under current legislation and banking regulations and is likely to continue to have or may have a significant impact on the financial services industry
Recent legislative and regulatory changes, as well as changes in regulatory enforcement policies and capital adequacy guidelines, are increasing the Company’s costs of doing business and, as a result, may create an advantage for its competitors who may not be subject to similar legislative and regulatory requirements
In addition, future regulatory changes, including changes to regulatory capital requirements, could have an adverse impact on the Company’s future results
In addition, the federal and state bank regulatory authorities who supervise the Company have broad discretionary powers to take enforcement actions against banks for failure to comply with applicable regulations and laws
If the Company fails to comply with applicable laws or regulations, it could become subject to enforcement actions that have a material adverse effect on its future results
The Company could encounter difficulties or unexpected developments related to any future acquisitions
The Company plans to pursue potential acquisitions of other community-oriented banks as well as specialty lending and related financial services businesses which could also present challenges relating to the integration of the operations of acquired businesses into its organization
To the extent acquisitions divert a significant amount of management time and attention, the Company’s business could be disrupted
Provisions in the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and its amended and restated by-laws may delay or prevent an acquisition of the Company by a third party
The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation and its amended and restated by-laws contain provisions that may make it more difficult for a third party to gain control or acquire the Company 19 _________________________________________________________________ without the consent of its board of directors
These provisions also could discourage proxy contests and may make it more difficult for dissident stockholders to elect representatives as directors and take other corporate actions
These provisions of the Company’s governing documents may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that some or many of its stockholders might believe to be in their best interest