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Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Surgery Surgery is a medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery".
Financial institution Financial institutions, sometimes called banking institutions, are business entities that provide services as intermediaries for different types of financial monetary transactions. Broadly speaking, there are three major types of financial institutions:\nDepository institutions – deposit-taking institutions that accept and manage deposits and make loans, including banks, building societies, credit unions, trust companies, and mortgage loan companies;\nContractual institutions – insurance companies and pension funds\nInvestment institutions – investment banks, underwriters, and other different types of financial entities managing investments.Financial institutions can be distinguished broadly into two categories according to ownership structure:\n\nCommercial banks\nCooperative banksSome experts see a trend toward homogenisation of financial institutions, meaning a tendency to invest in similar areas and have similar business strategies.
Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business.
Savings and loan crisis The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s (commonly dubbed the S&L crisis) was the failure of 1,043 out of the 3,234 savings and loan associations (S&Ls) in the United States from 1986 to 1995. An S&L or "thrift" is a financial institution that accepts savings deposits and makes mortgage, car and other personal loans to individual members (a cooperative venture known in the United Kingdom as a building society).
Federal funds rate In the United States, the federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight on an uncollateralized basis. Reserve balances are amounts held at the Federal Reserve to maintain depository institutions' reserve requirements.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization A company's earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (commonly abbreviated EBITDA, pronounced , , or ) is a measure of a company's profitability of the operating business only, thus before any effects of indebtedness, state-mandated payments, and costs required to maintain its asset base. It is derived by subtracting from revenues all costs of the operating business (e.g.
Gross income For households and individuals, gross income is the sum of all wages, salaries, profits, interest payments, rents, and other forms of earnings, before any deductions or taxes. It is opposed to net income, defined as the gross income minus taxes and other deductions (e.g., mandatory pension contributions).
Net interest spread Net interest spread refers to the difference in borrowing and lending rates of financial institutions (such as banks) in nominal terms. It is considered analogous to the gross margin of non-financial companies.
Net national income In national income accounting, net national income (NNI) is net national product (NNP) minus indirect taxes. Net national income encompasses the income of households, businesses, and the government.
List of countries by proven oil reserves This is a list of countries by proven oil reserves. Proven reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated, with a high degree of confidence, to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
Recession In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general decline in economic activity. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock).
New Economic Policy The New Economic Policy (NEP) (Russian: новая экономическая политика (НЭП), tr. novaya ekonomicheskaya politika) was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient.
Indirect tax Although the actual definitions vary between jurisdictions, in general, a direct tax or income tax is a tax imposed upon a person or property as distinct from a tax imposed upon a transaction, which is described as an indirect tax. There is a distinction between direct and indirect tax depending on whether the tax payer is the actual taxpayer or if the amount of tax is supported by a third party, usually a client.
Unsecured debt In finance, unsecured debt refers to any type of debt or general obligation that is not protected by a guarantor, or collateralized by a lien on specific assets of the borrower in the case of a bankruptcy or liquidation or failure to meet the terms for repayment. Unsecured debts are sometimes called signature debt or personal loans.
A Difficult Woman A Difficult Woman is an Australian television series which screened in 1998 on the ABC. The three part series starred Caroline Goodall, in the title role of a woman whose best friend is murdered and is determined to find out why. It was written by Nicholas Hammond and Steven Vidler and directed by Tony Tilse.
Difficult to Cure Difficult to Cure is the fifth studio album by the British hard rock band Rainbow, released in 1981. The album marked the further commercialization of the band's sound, with Ritchie Blackmore once describing at the time his appreciation of the band Foreigner.
Second-language acquisition Second-language acquisition (SLA), sometimes called second-language learning — otherwise referred to as L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
Difficult Loves Difficult Loves (Italian: Gli amori difficili) is a 1970 short story collection by Italo Calvino. It concerns love and the difficulty of communication.
Additionality Additionality is the property of an activity being additional by adding something new to the context. It is a determination of whether an intervention has an effect when compared to a baseline.
Latin Extended Additional Latin Extended Additional is a Unicode block.\nThe characters in this block are mostly precomposed combinations of Latin letters with one or more general diacritical marks.
Additional director general of police Additional Director General of Police (ADGP) is an Indian Police Service rank. Though having the maximum possible 3-star police rank just like Director General of Police, ADGP's are considered same to DGP's.
Order of Australia The Order of Australia is an honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the advice of the Australian Government.
Additional member system The additional member system (AMS) is a mixed electoral system under which most representatives are elected in single-member districts (SMDs), and the other "additional members" are elected to make the seat distribution in the chamber more proportional to the way votes are cast for party lists. It is distinct from parallel voting (also known as the supplementary member system) in that the "additional member" seats are awarded to parties taking into account seats won in SMDs (referred to as compensation or "top-up"), which is not done under parallel voting (a non-compensatory method).
Additional secretary to the Government of India Additional Secretary (often abbreviated as AS, GoI or Union Additional Secretary or Additional Secretary to Government of India) is a post and a rank under the Central Staffing Scheme of the Government of India. The authority for creation of this post solely rests with Cabinet of India.Additional secretary is mostly a career civil servant, generally from the Indian Administrative Service, and is a government official of high seniority.
Stock market A stock market, equity market, or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers of stocks (also called shares), which represent ownership claims on businesses; these may include securities listed on a public stock exchange, as well as stock that is only traded privately, such as shares of private companies which are sold to investors through equity crowdfunding platforms. Investment is usually made with an investment strategy in mind.
Dividend Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the ways that numbers are combined to make new numbers. The other operations are addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
Community radio Community radio is a radio service offering a third model of radio broadcasting in addition to commercial and public broadcasting. Community stations serve geographic communities and communities of interest.
Community A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g.
Community First Credit Union Community First Credit Union is an Australian community-based credit union established in Sydney in 1959 as Sydney Water Board Officers Credit Union with branches in Sydney and the central coast region.\nThe credit union has formerly operated under the names, or merged with Elcom Credit Union, SWB Family Credit Union, SWB Community Credit Union, The Lakes Power Station Employees Credit Union, Dana Employees Credit Union, Croatian Community Credit Union, and Hibernian Credit Union .
Assurance Insurance is a means of protection from financial loss. It is a form of risk management, primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent or uncertain loss.
Assurance services Assurance service is an independent professional service, typically provided by Chartered or Certified Public Accountants or Chartered Certified Accountants, with the goal of improving information or the context of information so that decision makers can make more informed, and presumably better, decisions. Assurance services provide independent and professional opinions that reduce information risk (risk from incorrect information).
Blessed Assurance "Blessed Assurance" is a well-known Christian hymn. The lyrics were written in 1873 by blind hymn writer Fanny Crosby to the music written in 1873 by Phoebe Knapp.
Negative assurance Negative assurance within accounting ethics (also known as limited assurance), is a method used by the Certified Public Accountant to assure various parties, such as bankers and stockbrokers, that financial data under review by them is reasonable. Negative assurance tells the data user that nothing has come to the CPA's attention of an adverse nature or character regarding the financial data reviewed.
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Risk Factors
” We believe that the risks described below are the most important factors which may cause our actual future results of operations to differ materially from the results projected in the forward-looking statements
We face intense competition from other banks and financial institutions that could hurt our business We conduct our business operations in Southern California, where the banking business is highly competitive and is dominated by a relatively small number of large multi-state banks with operations and offices covering wide geographical areas
We also compete with other financial service businesses, mutual fund companies, and securities brokerage and investment banking firms that offer competitive banking and financial products and services
The larger banks, and some of those other financial institutions, have greater resources that enable them to conduct extensive advertising campaigns and to shift resources to regions or activities of greater potential profitability
Some of these banks and institutions also have substantially more capital and higher lending limits that could enable them to attract larger clients, and offer financial products and services that we are unable to offer, particularly with respect to attracting loans and deposits
Increased competition may prevent us (i) from achieving increases, or could even result in decreases, in our loan volume or deposit balances, or (ii) from increasing interest rates on loans or reducing interest rates we pay to attract or retain deposits, any of which could cause a decline in our interest income or an increase in our interest expense, that could lead to reductions in our net interest income and earnings
Adverse changes in economic conditions in Southern California could disproportionately harm our business The large majority of our customers and the properties securing a large proportion of our loans are located in Southern California
A worsening of economic conditions or the occurrence of natural disasters in Southern California could harm our business by: • reducing loan demand which, in turn, would lead to reduced net interest margins and net interest income; • affecting the financial capability of borrowers to meet their loan obligations, which could result in increases in loan losses and require us to make additional provisions for possible loan losses, thereby reducing our earnings; and • leading to reductions in real property values that, due to our reliance on real property to secure many of our loans, could make it more difficult for us to prevent losses from being incurred on non-performing loans through the sale of such real properties
Additionally, real estate values in California have been increasing rapidly in recent years
In the event that these values are not sustained or other events, such as earthquakes or fires, that may be more prevalent in Southern California than in other geographic areas, cause a decline in real estate values, our collateral coverage for our loans will be reduced and we may suffer increased loan losses
17 ______________________________________________________________________ [64]Table of Contents National economic conditions and changes in Federal Reserve Board monetary policies could affect our operating results Our profitability is substantially dependent on our net interest income
Like most banking organizations and other depository institutions, our net interest income is affected by a number of factors outside of our control, including changes in market rates of interest which, in turn, are affected by changes in national economic conditions and national monetary policies adopted by the Federal Reserve Board
From 2001 and continuing until June 30, 2004, the Federal Reserve Board followed a policy of reducing interest rates in an effort to stimulate the national economy
Those interest rate reductions, coupled with sluggishness in the economy, led to decreases in our net interest margin during 2003 and made it more difficult to increase earnings
We cannot predict whether the improvement in the economy will continue or whether the Federal Reserve Board’s recent increases in interest rates, will succeed in lessening the downward pressure on net interest margins that was prevalent through most of the last three years
On the other hand, the benefits of increased market rates of interest may be offset, partially or in whole, because those increases will increase the costs of attracting deposits and obtaining borrowings
If we are unable to effectuate commensurate increases in the rates we are able to charge on existing or new loans due to competitive pressures or contractual restrictions on our ability to increase interest rates on existing loans, our net interest margin may suffer despite the increase in interest rates
Changes in economic conditions and increasing rates of interest also could cause prospective borrowers to fail to qualify for our loan products and reduce loan demand, thereby reducing our net interest margins
In addition, if economic conditions were to worsen, that could adversely affect the financial capability of borrowers to meet their loan obligations and, therefore, cause an increase in, and require increases in the provisions we make for, possible loan losses
We could incur losses on the loans we make The failure or inability of borrowers to repay their loans is an inherent risk in the banking business
We take a number of measures designed to reduce this risk, including the maintenance of stringent loan underwriting policies and the establishment of reserves for possible loan losses and the requirement that borrowers provide collateral that we could sell in the event they fail to pay their loans
However, the ability of borrowers to repay their loans, the adequacy of our reserves and our ability to sell collateral for amounts sufficient to offset loan losses are affected by a number of factors outside of our control, such as changes in economic conditions, increases in market rates of interest and changes in the condition or value of the collateral securing our loans
Government regulations may impair our operations, restrict our growth or increase our operating costs We are subject to extensive supervision and regulation by federal and state bank regulatory agencies
The primary objective of these agencies is to protect bank depositors and other customers and not shareholders, whose respective interests will often differ
The regulatory agencies have the legal authority to impose restrictions which they believe are needed to protect depositors and customers of banking institutions, even if such restrictions would adversely affect the ability of the banking institution to expand its business and to pay cash dividends, or result in increases in its costs of doing business or hinder its ability to compete with financial services companies that are not regulated or banks or financial service organizations that are less regulated
Additionally, due to the complex and technical nature of many of the government regulations to which banking organizations are subject, inadvertent violations of those regulations may occur
In such an event, we would be required to correct or implement measures to prevent a recurrence of such violations
If more serious violations were to occur, the regulatory agencies could limit our activities or growth, fine us or ultimately put us out of business
The loss of key personnel could hurt our financial performance Our success depends to a great extent on the continued availability of our existing management, including George E Langley, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Joe Cecala, our Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer
In addition to their skills and experience as bankers, our executive officers provide us with extensive community ties upon which our competitive strategy is partially based
We do not maintain key-man life insurance on these executives
As a result, the loss of the services of either of these officers could harm our ability to implement our business strategy or our future operating results
18 ______________________________________________________________________ [65]Table of Contents Risks relating to the Merger with First Community Bancorp As is described in Part I of this Report, on December 14, 2005, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with First Community
That Agreement provides for a merger (the “Merger”) pursuant to which (i) Foothill will be merged with and into First Community, (ii) First Community will be the surviving corporation and Foothill’s separate existence shall terminate, and (iii) Foothill’s stockholders will become shareholders of First Community, receiving a number, ranging from 0dtta4421 to 0dtta5685, of a share of First Community common stock for each of their Foothill shares
No Assurance that Expected Benefits of Merger will be Realized
Foothill and First Community entered into the Merger Agreement because of their belief that the Merger would enable them to achieve certain benefits, including cost savings and efficiencies in the operations of the combined company that will result from the Merger
Realization of the anticipated benefits of the Merger is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the risks that (i) the integration of the businesses of First Community and Foothill will prove to be more difficult and less efficient and more costly than expected, and (ii) costs savings and efficiencies expected to be realized after integration of the two companies has been completed will not be realized
Failure to achieve the anticipated benefits of the Merger could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues generated by the combined company and diversion of management’s time and energy and could have an adverse effect on the combined company’s business, financial condition, operating results and prospects and the trading prices of First Community’s common stock after the Merger has been consummated
No Assurance that Merger will be consummated
The completion of the Merger is subject to the satisfaction of a number of conditions, some of which are outside of our control and, as a result, there is no assurance that the Merger will be consummated
A termination of the Merger, should that occur, would harm our business
Among other things, since the Merger was announced, some of our employees have taken positions with other banking institutions, including some of our competitors
Consequently, our ability to provide the level of service that we had previously provided to our customers would be compromised and our competitive position in our markets could be weakened if the Merger were to be terminated
Additionally, some of our customers have taken their business to other banking institutions since the Merger was announced and, if the Merger were to be terminated, it would be difficult to get those customers to resume doing business with us
Finally, we believe that any failure of the Merger to be consummated, even if that failure was not caused by us, would be looked upon negatively by investors in the stock market and, for that reason, could harm the trading prices of our shares
No Assurance that our Dividend Policy will not Change In accordance with our Board of Directors’ dividend policy, we have paid a regular quarterly cash dividend since September 1999 and have made periodic repurchases of our outstanding shares
If the Merger with First Community is consummated in the second quarter of 2006, as is expected, we will not pay any further cash dividends before the Merger is consummated
Even if the Merger were to be terminated, there can be no assurance that the amount or frequency of cash dividends will not have to be reduced or that cash dividends will not have to be suspended, as this will depend on such factors as future economic and market conditions, our future financial performance and financial condition and our needs for capital to support future growth or to meet regulatory capital requirements