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Wiki Wiki Summary
Product liability Product liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Although the word "product" has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property.
Professional liability insurance Professional liability insurance (PLI), also called professional indemnity insurance (PII) but more commonly known as errors & omissions (E&O) in the US, is a form of liability insurance which helps protect professional advice- and service-providing individuals and companies from bearing the full cost of defending against a negligence claim made by a client, and damages awarded in such a civil lawsuit. \nThe coverage focuses on alleged failure to perform on the part of, financial loss caused by, and error or omission in the service or product sold by the policyholder.
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Alisher Usmanov Alisher Burkhanovich Usmanov (Russian: Алишер Бурханович Усманов; born 9 September 1953) is an Uzbek-born Russian businessman and oligarch. By 2022, Usmanov had an estimated net worth of $19.5 billion and was among the world's 100 wealthiest people.Usmanov made his wealth after the collapse of the Soviet Union, through metal and mining operations, and investments.
2011 military intervention in Libya On 19 March 2011, a multi-state NATO-led coalition began a military intervention in Libya, to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, in response to events during the First Libyan Civil War. With ten votes in favour and five abstentions, the UN Security Council's intent was to have "an immediate ceasefire in Libya, including an end to the current attacks against civilians, which it said might constitute "crimes against humanity" ...
What's Your Raashee? What's Your Raashee? (lit. 'What's Your Zodiac Sign?') is a 2009 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film written and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker.
Medical license A medical license is an occupational license that permits a person to legally practice medicine. In most countries, a person must have a medical license bestowed either by a specified government-approved professional association or a government agency before he or she can practice medicine.
Financial services Financial services are the economic services provided by the finance industry, which encompasses a broad range of businesses that manage money, including credit unions, banks, credit-card companies, insurance companies, accountancy companies, consumer-finance companies, stock brokerages, investment funds, individual asset managers, and some government-sponsored enterprises.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe term "financial services" became more prevalent in the United States partly as a result of the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of the late 1990s, which enabled different types of companies operating in the U.S. financial services industry at that time to merge.Companies usually have two distinct approaches to this new type of business.
Federal Reserve The Federal Reserve System (also known as the Federal Reserve or simply the Fed) is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics (particularly the panic of 1907) led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.
Bond (finance) In finance, a bond is a type of security under which the issuer (debtor) owes the holder (creditor) a debt, and is obliged – depending on the terms – to repay the principal (i.e. amount borrowed) of the bond at the maturity date as well as interest (called the coupon) over a specified amount of time.
Cancellation of Debt Income Taxpayers in the United States may have tax consequences when debt is cancelled. This is commonly known as COD (Cancellation of Debt) Income.
Debt Death is the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain an organism. Brain death is sometimes used as a legal definition of death.
Indebted Indebted is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from February 6 to April 16, 2020. The series was created by Dan Levy and co-executive produced with Doug Robinson, Andy Ackerman and David Guarascio for Sony Pictures Television.
List of most indebted companies The following article lists the indebted companies in the world by total corporate debt according estimates by the British-Australian investment firm Janus Henderson. In 2019, the total debt of the 900 most indebted companies was $8,325 billion.
Heavily indebted poor countries The heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) are a group of 39 developing countries with high levels of poverty and debt overhang which are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.\n\n\n== HIPC Initiative ==\nThe HIPC Initiative was initiated by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in 1996, following extensive lobbying by NGOs and other bodies.
Medical school in the United States Medical school in the United States is a graduate program with the purpose of educating physicians in the undifferentiated field of medicine. Such schools provide a major part of the medical education in the United States.
Credit Credit (from Latin credit, "(he/she/it) believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. In other words, credit is a method of making reciprocity formal, legally enforceable, and extensible to a large group of unrelated people.
Credit agreements in South Africa Credit agreements in South Africa are agreements or contracts in South Africa in terms of which payment or repayment by one party (the debtor) to another (the creditor) is deferred. This entry discusses the core elements of credit agreements as defined in the National Credit Act, and the consequences of concluding a credit agreement in South Africa.
German–Soviet Credit Agreement (1939) The German–Soviet Credit Agreement (also referred to as the German–Soviet Trade and Credit Agreement) was an economic arrangement between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union whereby the latter received an acceptance credit of 200 million Reichsmark over 7 years with an effective interest rate of 4.5 percent. The credit line was to be used during the next two years for purchase of capital goods (factory equipment, installations, machinery and machine tools, ships, vehicles, and other means of transport) in Germany and was to be paid off by means of Soviet material shipment from 1946 onwards.
Letter of credit A letter of credit (LC), also known as a documentary credit or bankers commercial credit, or letter of undertaking (LoU), is a payment mechanism used in international trade to provide an economic guarantee from a creditworthy bank to an exporter of goods. Letters of credit are used extensively in the financing of international trade, when the reliability of contracting parties cannot be readily and easily determined.
Consumer Credit Act 2006 The Consumer Credit Act 2006 (c.14) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to increase consumer protection when borrowing money.\n\n\n== Provisions ==\nThe main provisions of the Act are to extend the scope of the Consumer Credit Act 1974, to create an Ombudsman scheme, and to increase the powers of the Office of Fair Trading in relation to consumer credit, including consumer credit agreements (CCA), and similar borrowing facilities.
Indentured servitude in British America Indentured servitude in British America was the prominent system of labor in British American colonies until it was eventually overcome by slavery. During its time, the system was so prominent that more than half of all immigrants to British colonies south of New England were white servants, and that nearly half of total white immigration to the Thirteen Colonies came under indenture.
Indian indenture system The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than one million Indians were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labor, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century. The system expanded after the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833, in the French colonies in 1848, and in the Dutch Empire in 1863.
Girmityas Girmitiyas, also known as Jahajis, were indentured laborers from British India transported to work on plantations in Fiji, Mauritius, South Africa, and the Caribbean (mostly Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, and Jamaica) as part of the Indian indenture system.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word girmit represented an Indian pronunciation of the English language word "agreement" - from the indenture "agreement" of the British Government with Indian labourers.
Indentured servitude in Virginia Indentured servitude in continental North America began in the Colony of Virginia in 1609. Initially created as means of funding voyages for European workers to the New World, the institution dwindled over time as the labor force was replaced with enslaved Africans.
List of indentured servants This is a list of people who were once indentured servants.
Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) is a specialised division of Reserve Bank of India which is under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It was established on 15 July 1978 under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961 for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities.
Revolving credit Revolving credit is a type of credit that does not have a fixed number of payments, in contrast to installment credit. Credit cards are an example of revolving credit used by consumers.
CRIF High Mark Credit Information Services CRIF High Mark Credit Information Services Pvt. Ltd.
Falangism Falangism (Spanish: falangismo) was the political ideology of two political parties in Spain that were known as the Falange, namely first the Falange Española de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FE de las JONS) and afterwards the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (FET y de las JONS). Falangism has a disputed relationship with fascism as some historians consider the Falange to be a fascist movement based on its fascist leanings during the early years, while others focus on its transformation into an authoritarian conservative political movement in Francoist Spain.The original Falangist party, FE de las JONS, merged with the Carlists in 1937 following the Unification Decree of Francisco Franco, to form FET y de las JONS. This new Falange was meant to incorporate all Nationalist political factions, and became the sole political party of Francoist Spain.
Risk Factors
DURA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS INC Item 1A Risk Factors
16 ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties
You should carefully read and consider the risk factors set forth below
WE ARE DEPENDENT ON OUR LARGEST CUSTOMERS AND ON SELECTED VEHICLE PROGRAMS We are dependent on Ford, GM, Lear and Volkswagen as our largest customers
Our revenues from Ford, GM, Lear and Volkswagen represented approximately 19prca, 10prca, 10prca,and 10prca , respectively, of our revenues for 2005
The loss of Ford, GM, Lear or Volkswagen or any other significant customer could have a material adverse effect on us
The contracts we typically enter into with many of our customers, including Ford, GM, Lear and Volkswagen, provide for supplying the customers &apos requirements for a particular model, rather than for manufacturing a specific quantity of products
Such contracts range from one year to the life of the platform or model, usually three to seven years, and do not require the purchase by the customer of any minimum number of parts
Therefore, the loss of any one of such customers or a significant reduction in demand for certain other key models or a group of related models sold by any of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our existing and future revenues and net income
In 2005, two of our key customers, General Motors and Ford, lost market share in North America above 16 historical levels and, as a result, significantly reduced their production volumes
From time to time, we are involved in product liability and pricing claims with certain of our significant customers
As a result of these claims, it is possible that our relationship with these customers could be adversely affected
THE CURRENT FINANCIAL CONDITION OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE UNITED STATES COULD HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON OUR ABILITY TO FINANCE OUR OPERATIONS Several of our key North American customers face significant business challenges due to increased competitive conditions and recent changes in consumer demand
In operating our business, we depend on the ability of our customers to timely pay the amounts we have billed them for tools and products
Any disruption in our customers &apos ability to pay us in a timely manner because of financial difficulty or otherwise would have a negative impact on our ability to finance our operations
In addition, because of the challenging conditions within the US automotive industry, many automotive suppliers have filed for bankruptcy
In light of these conditions, our suppliers could impose restrictive payment terms on us that would have a negative impact our ability to finance our operations
OUR INABILITY TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY IN THE HIGHLY COMPETITIVE AUTOMOTIVE SUPPLY INDUSTRY COULD RESULT IN THE LOSS OF CUSTOMERS, WHICH COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR REVENUES AND OPERATING RESULTS The automotive component supply industry is highly competitive
Some of our competitors are companies, or divisions or subsidiaries of companies, that are larger and have greater financial and other resources than we do
In addition, with respect to certain of our products, we compete with divisions of our OEM customers
There can be no assurance that our products will be able to compete successfully with the products of these other companies, which could result in the loss of customers and, as a result, decrease revenues and profitability
We principally compete for new business both at the beginning of the development of new models and upon the redesign of existing models by our major customers
New model development generally begins two to five years prior to the marketing of such models to the public
The failure to obtain new business on new models or to retain or increase business on redesigned existing models could adversely affect our business and financial results
In addition, as a result of the relatively long lead times required for many of our complex structural components, it may be difficult in the short-term for us to obtain new sales to replace any unexpected decline in the sale of existing products
We may incur significant expense in preparing to meet anticipated customer requirements which may not be recovered
IN THE LAST THREE FISCAL YEARS, WE HAVE EXPERIENCED DECLINING GROSS MARGIN, AND WE MAY NOT SUCCEED IN RETURNING TO HISTORICAL GROSS MARGIN LEVELS Our gross margin has declined in each of the last three fiscal years from 13dtta8prca in 2002 to 12dtta2prca in 2003, 11dtta2prca in 2004 and 11dtta0prca in 2005
These declines were a result of a number of factors including declines in North American OEMs automotive production levels from previous levels resulting in lower fixed cost absorption, and increased raw material costs that could not be passed along fully to our customers
We cannot assure you that our gross margin will improve or return to prior historical levels, and that any further reduction in customer demand for the products that we supply would not have an further adverse effect on our gross margin
A lack of improvement in our future gross margin levels would harm our financial condition and adversely impact our business
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO OBTAIN OUR RAW MATERIALS AT FAVORABLE PRICES, IT COULD ADVERSELY IMPACT OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION Numerous raw materials are used in the manufacture of our products
Our principal raw materials include (1) coil steel and resin in mechanism production, (2) metal wire and resin in cable production and (3) glass in window systems
The types of steel we purchase include hot and cold rolled, galvanized, organically coated and aluminized steel
Overall, steel accounted for the most significant component of our raw material costs in 2005
Steel prices increased during 2004 to cyclical highs and remained at that level during part of 2005, which had a negative impact on our gross profit in 2004 and 2005
To the extent we are not able to pass on fully increased steel and other raw material costs to our customers in a timely fashion or otherwise able to offset these increased 17 operating costs, our business, results of operations and financial condition will continue to be adversely affected
Moreover, we may be materially and adversely affected by the failure of our suppliers to perform as expected
OUR GROSS MARGIN AND PROFITABILITY WILL BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE INABILITY TO REDUCE COSTS OR INCREASE PRICES There is substantial continuing pressure from the major OEMs to reduce costs, including the cost of products purchased from outside suppliers
Therefore, our profitability is dependent, in part, on our ability to spread fixed production costs over increasing product sales
If we are unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset price reductions and any reduction in consumer demand for automobiles resulting in decreased sales, our gross margin and profitability would be adversely affected
In addition, our customers often times require engineering, design or production changes
In some circumstances, we may not be able to achieve price increases in amounts sufficient to cover the costs of these changes
CYCLICALITY AND SEASONALITY IN THE AUTOMOTIVE, RECREATION AND SPECIALTY VEHICLE MARKETS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR REVENUES AND NET INCOME The automotive, recreation and specialty vehicle markets are highly cyclical and both markets are dependent on general economic conditions and other factors, including consumer spending preferences and the attractiveness of incentives offered by OEMs, if any
In addition, automotive production and sales can be affected by labor relations issues, regulatory requirements, trade agreements and other factors
Economic factors adversely affecting automotive production and consumer spending could adversely impact our revenues and net income
The volume of automotive production in North America, Europe and the rest of the world has fluctuated, sometimes significantly, from year to year, and such fluctuations give rise to fluctuations in demand for our products
The weakness in the North American OEMs automotive market has adversely affected our operating results in 2005, and the weakness is expected to continue for some time
In addition, because we have significant fixed production costs, relatively modest declines in our customers &apos production levels can have a significant adverse impact on our profitability
Our business is also somewhat seasonal
We typically experience decreased revenues and operating income during the third calendar quarter of each year due to the impact of scheduled OEM plant shutdowns in July and August for vacations and new model changeovers
WE ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH OUR FOREIGN OPERATIONS THAT COULD HARM OUR REVENUES AND PROFITABILITY We have significant operations in Europe, Canada, Asia and Latin America
Certain risks are inherent in international operations, including: - difficulty of enforcing agreements and collecting receivables through certain foreign legal systems; - foreign customers may have longer payment cycles than customers in the United States; - tax rates in certain foreign countries may exceed those in the United States and foreign earnings may be subject to withholding requirements or the imposition of tariffs, exchange controls or other restrictions; - currency fluctuations and devaluations; - general economic conditions, political unrest and terrorist attacks against American interests in countries where we operate may have an adverse effect on our operations in those countries; - exposure to possible expropriation or other governmental actions; - difficulties associated with managing a large organization spread throughout various countries; and - required compliance with a variety of foreign laws and regulations
As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will be dependent, in part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks
We cannot assure you that these and other factors will not 18 have a material adverse effect on our international operations or our business, results of operations and financial condition as a whole
CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS COULD HAVE AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON OUR REVENUES AND FINANCIAL RESULTS We generate a significant portion of our revenues and incur a significant portion of our expenses in currencies other than US dollars
To the extent that we are unable to match revenues received in foreign currencies with costs paid in the same currency, exchange rate fluctuations in any such currency could have an adverse effect on our revenues and financial results
During times of a strengthening US dollar, our reported sales and earnings from our international operations will be reduced because the applicable local currency will be translated into fewer US dollars
The strengthening of the foreign currencies in relation to the US dollar had a positive impact on our 2005 revenues of dlra40dtta0 million; in 2006, such currencies are currently experiencing a decline
As of December 31, 2005, a substantial number of our employees were unionized
We have collective bargaining agreements with several unions including the United Auto Workers, the Canadian Auto Workers, the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers
Virtually all of our unionized facilities in the United States and Canada have separate local contracts with the union which represents the workers employed there, with each such contract having an expiration date independent of other labor contracts
The majority of our non US and Canadian employees are members of industrial trade union organizations and confederations within their respective countries
Many of these organizations and confederations operate under national contracts which are not specific to any one employer
As a result, we may encounter strikes, further unionization efforts or other types of conflicts with labor unions or our employees, any of which could have an adverse effect on our operations or may limit our flexibility in dealing with our workforce
OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS We are required to comply with federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment and occupational health and safety, including laws regulating the generation, storage, handling, use and transportation of hazardous materials; the emission and discharge of hazardous materials into soil, air or water; and the health and safety of our colleagues
We are also required to obtain and comply with environmental permits for certain operations
We cannot assure you that we are at all times in complete compliance with such laws, regulations and permits
If we violate or fail to comply with the requirements, we could be fined or otherwise sanctioned by regulators
In some instances, such a fine or sanction could be material
In addition, we have made and will continue to make capital and other expenditures to comply with environmental requirements
Environmental requirements may become more stringent over time and we cannot assure you that we will not incur material environmental costs or liabilities in the future
We are also subject to laws requiring the cleanup of contaminated property
Under these laws, we could be held liable for costs and damages relating to contamination at our past or present facilities and at third-party sites to which these facilities sent wastes
If a release of hazardous substances occurs at or from any of our current or former facilities or another location where we have disposed of wastes, we may be held liable for the contamination, and the amount of such liability could be material
We are currently conducting a cleanup of contamination at certain facilities in Germany
We are monitoring environmental contamination at certain facilities in North America
We have also been named a potentially responsible party for cleanup costs at two &quote Superfund &quote cleanup sites
We have established accounting reserves for these contamination liabilities, but we cannot assure you that our liabilities will not exceed our reserves
19 WE MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PRODUCT LIABILITY EXPOSURE CLAIMS We face an inherent business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the failure of our products to perform to specifications results, or is alleged to result, in property damage, bodily injury and/or death
We cannot assure you that we will not incur significant costs to defend these claims or that we will not experience any material product liability losses in the future
In addition, if any DURA-designed products are, or are alleged to be defective, we may be required to participate in a recall involving those products
Each OEM has its own policy regarding product recalls and other product liability actions relating to its suppliers
However, as suppliers become more integrally involved in the vehicle design process and assume more vehicle assembly functions, OEMs are increasingly looking to their suppliers for contribution when faced with product recalls, product liability or warranty claims
We cannot assure you that the future costs associated with providing product warranties will not be material
A successful product liability claim brought against us in excess of available insurance coverage or a requirement to participate in any product recall may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition
In addition, OEMs are also increasingly requiring their outside suppliers to guarantee or warrant their products and bear the costs of repair and replacement of such products under new vehicle warranties
Depending on the terms under which we supply products to an OEM, an OEM may hold us responsible for some or all of the repair or replacement costs of defective products under new vehicle warranties, when the product supplied did not perform as represented
Over the past five years, we have been involved in a number of product warranty matters
In the aggregate, we incurred charges of dlra2dtta8 million, dlra2dtta1 million and dlra2dtta0 million in 2005, 2004 and 2003, respectively, in connection with product warranty matters
We carry insurance for certain legal matters including product liability; however, we do not carry insurance for warranty or recall matters, as the cost and availability for such insurance, in the opinion of management, is cost prohibitive or not available
We have established reserves for matters that are probable and estimable in amounts management believes are adequate to cover reasonable adverse judgments not covered by insurance; however, we cannot assure you that these reserves will be adequate to cover all warranty matters that could possibly arise
The outcome of the various legal actions and claims that are discussed above or other legal actions and claims that are incidental to our business may have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows
TECHNOLOGICAL AND REGULATORY CHANGES MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT US Changes in legislative, regulatory or industry requirements or competitive technologies may render certain of our products obsolete
Our ability to anticipate changes in technology and regulatory standards and to develop and introduce new and enhanced products successfully on a timely basis will be a significant factor in our ability to grow and to remain competitive
We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve the technological advances that may be necessary for us to remain competitive or that certain of our products will not become obsolete
We are also subject to the risks generally associated with new product introductions and applications, including lack of market acceptance, delays in product development and failure of products to operate properly
WE MAY MAKE STRATEGIC ACQUISITIONS AND ALLIANCES, WHICH PRESENT ADDITIONAL RISKS Part of our growth strategy includes pursuing strategic acquisitions and alliances
We cannot assure you that we will be able to consummate acquisitions or alliances in the future on terms acceptable to us, if at all
In addition, we cannot assure you that the integration of any future acquisitions will be successful or that the expected strategic benefits of any future acquisitions or alliances will be realized
Acquisitions may involve a number of special risks, including, but not limited to: - adverse short-term effects on our reported operating results; - diversion of managementapstas attention; - difficulties assimilating and integrating the operations of the acquired company with our own; and - unanticipated liabilities or contingencies relating to the acquired company
20 WE MAY INCUR RESTRUCTURING CHARGES THAT WOULD REDUCE OUR EARNINGS During the last several years, we have evaluated our worldwide manufacturing capacity utilization and opportunities for cost savings in light of conditions in the North American and European automotive and recreational vehicle markets
As a result of these evaluations, we have taken several actions including closing certain facilities, combining facilities, reducing and consolidating certain support activities and disposing of certain business units
We have recorded restructuring charges and charges related to discontinued operations as a result of these actions over the last several years
Our reported earnings will be reduced in the event as we incur additional charges in the future as a result of the current and any additional restructuring activities undertaken by us
WE MAY NOT ACCOMPLISH THE OBJECTIVES OF OUR FEBRUARY 9, 2006 RESTRUCTURING IMITATIVE In February 2006, we announced a restructuring plan that we anticipate to be complete by the end of 2007
The restructuring plan is expected to impact over 50prca of our worldwide operations either through product movement or facility closures
Cash costs for the restructuring plan are expected to be approximately dlra100 million, which includes estimated capital expenditures between dlra25 and dlra35 million
The remaining costs will relate primarily to employee severance, capital investment, facility closure and product move costs
The majority of these expenditures will occur by year end 2007
As part of this initiative, we have identified certain key actions that must be accomplished to achieve our projected cost savings: - Our customers, as industry practice, must approve the movement of the production of their parts along with prequalifying (PPAP) the new production facility and production lines; - Our customers must agree these cost reduction actions are being made to meet our previously agreed to price reduction commitments; - The representatives of our affected employees must support the streamlining and moving of operations in a timely manner in order that we meet the cost reduction objectives in the planned time period; and - We must execute this initiative in the prescribed time period (all actions must be accomplished by the end of 2007)
Any failure to obtain substantial completion of any of these key actions may result in us not reaching a sufficient profitability level to enable us to: beneficially refinance debt coming due in 2009; maintain the recorded goodwill valuation; and not record a valuation reserve against the deferred income tax benefits recognized for net operating loss and research and experimental tax credit carryforwards
WE MIGHT FAIL TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR THIRD PARTIES MIGHT ASSERT THAT OUR TECHNOLOGIES INFRINGE ON THEIR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY As part of our business strategy, we intend to accelerate our investment in new product and process technologies in an effort to strengthen and differentiate our product portfolio
As a result, we believe that the protection of our intellectual property will become increasingly important to our business
We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, trademarks and copyrights to provide protection in this regard, but this protection might be inadequate
For example, our pending or future patent applications might not be approved or, if allowed, they might not be of sufficient strength or scope
Conversely, third parties might assert that our technologies infringe their proprietary rights
In either case, litigation which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our efforts, might be necessary, and whether or not we are ultimately successful, the litigation could adversely affect our business
OUR SUBSTANTIAL INDEBTEDNESS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL CONDITION AND PREVENT US FROM FULFILLING OUR OBLIGATIONS UNDER OUR OUTSTANDING INDEBTEDNESS We have a significant amount of indebtedness
As of December 31, 2005, we had dlra1cmam150dtta7 million of outstanding debt (excluding the fair market value of interest rate swap agreements), and dlra339dtta7 million of stockholders &apos investment
Our ratio of earnings to fixed charges for the year ended December 31, 2005, was 1dtta0x (See Exhibit 12dtta1)
In addition, we may incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future
Our existing senior 21 secured revolving credit facility ( &quote Credit Agreement &quote ), provides for borrowings up to dlra175dtta0 million, which may be increased by up to dlra50dtta0 million, subject to compliance with certain financial covenants and borrowing conditions set forth therein
Our indebtedness could have several important consequences, including but not limited to the following: - our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, potential acquisition opportunities, general corporate purposes or other purposes may be impaired; - our ability to finance our international operations in an effective tax manner if we are unable to maintain the prescribed fixed charge ratio; - fluctuations in market interest rates will affect the cost of our borrowings, if not hedged by interest rate hedge agreements, because a substantial portion of our indebtedness, is payable at variable rates; - we are more highly leveraged than some of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage; - a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations will be dedicated to the repayment of our indebtedness, including indebtedness we may incur in the future, and will not be available for other purposes, including our operations, capital expenditures and future business opportunities; - there would be a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition if we were unable to service our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, as needed; and - we may be more vulnerable to economic downturns, may be limited in our ability to withstand competitive pressures and may have reduced flexibility in responding to changing business, regulatory and economic conditions
Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors
We believe that, based upon current levels of operations, we will be able to meet our debt service obligations over the next 24 months
Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including among other things, that we will continue to be successful in implementing our business strategy and restructuring initiatives; and that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements
If we cannot generate sufficient cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness and to meet our other obligations and commitments, we might be required to refinance our debt or to dispose of assets to obtain funds for such purpose
There is no assurance that refinancings or asset dispositions could be effected on a timely basis or on satisfactory terms, if at all, or would be permitted by the terms of our indentures and our existing Credit Agreement and dlra150dtta0 million senior secured second lien term loan ( &quote Second Lien Term Loan &quote , collectively with Credit Agreement, &quote Credit Facilities &quote )
In the event that we were unable to refinance our existing indebtedness or raise funds through asset sales, sales of equity or otherwise, our ability to pay principal of, and interest on, the indebtedness would be impaired
DESPITE OUR SUBSTANTIAL INDEBTEDNESS, WE MAY STILL INCUR SIGNIFICANTLY MORE DEBT, WHICH COULD FURTHER EXACERBATE THE RISKS DESCRIBED ABOVE As of December 31, 2005, we could have incurred dlra125dtta5 million of additional indebtedness under the terms of our existing Credit Agreement
The terms of the indentures governing our outstanding debt securities could permit us to incur significant further indebtedness in the future
TO SERVICE OUR INDEBTEDNESS, WE WILL REQUIRE A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF CASH OUR ABILITY TO GENERATE CASH DEPENDS ON MANY FACTORS BEYOND OUR CONTROL Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness, and to fund planned capital expenditures will depend on our ability to generate cash from our operations in the future
This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control
Based on our current 22 level of operations, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our Credit Agreement will be adequate to meet our future liquidity needs for the foreseeable future
We cannot assure you, however, that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available to us under our Credit Agreement or otherwise in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay our indebtedness, or to fund our other liquidity needs
Our ability to borrow under our Credit Agreement may be constrained by conditions including limits on borrowings exceeding specified percentages of the applicable borrowing base
We have two significant public debt amortizations due in 2009 and 2012; 9prca senior subordinated notes due May 2009 ( &quote Senior Subordinated Notes &quote ) in the amount of dlra523dtta9 million; and 8 5/8prca senior unsecured notes due April 2012 ( &quote Senior Unsecured Notes &quote ) in the amount of dlra400dtta0 million
A substantial portion of our indebtedness bears interest at floating rates, and therefore if interest rates increase, our debt service requirements will increase
We may need to refinance or restructure all or a portion of our indebtedness on or before maturity
We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including our Credit Facilities and our outstanding debt securities, on commercially reasonable terms or at all
If we cannot service our indebtedness, we may have to take actions such as selling assets, seeking additional equity or reducing or delaying capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions, investments and alliances
We cannot assure you that any such actions, if necessary, could be effected on commercially reasonable terms, or at all
In addition, the indentures relating to our debt securities and our Credit Facilities, may restrict our ability to take any of these actions
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS IN OUR EXISTING SENIOR CREDIT FACILITY AND THE INDENTURES GOVERNING OUR DEBT SECURITIES MAY RESTRICT OUR ABILITY TO PURSUE OUR BUSINESS STRATEGIES The indentures governing our debt securities and our existing Credit Facilities limit our ability, among other things, to: - incur additional indebtedness; - pay dividends, repurchase our capital stock or make certain other restricted payments or investments; - make investments; - sell assets; - consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and - create liens
The ability of our foreign subsidiaries to incur any form of indebtedness is prohibited under our indentures if we do not meet the fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined therein, of at least 2 to 1
In addition, our Credit Agreement includes other and more restrictive covenants that prohibit us from prepaying our other indebtedness, while indebtedness under our Credit Agreement is outstanding
Our Credit Agreement requires us to maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio if excess availability, as defined, falls below dlra35 million
The restrictions contained in our Credit Facilities and the indentures governing our debt securities could: - limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or meet capital needs or otherwise restrict our activities or business plans; and - adversely affect our ability to finance our operations, strategic acquisitions, investments or alliances or other capital needs or to engage in other business activities that would be in our interest
A breach of any of these restrictive covenants or our inability to comply with the required financial ratios could result in a default under our Credit Facilities and indentures
If a default occurs, the lenders under our Credit Agreement may elect to declare all borrowings outstanding, together with accrued interest and other fees, to be immediately due and payable which would result in an event of default under our outstanding notes
The lenders will also have the right in these circumstances to terminate any commitments they have to provide further 23 borrowings
If we are unable to repay outstanding borrowings when due, the lenders will also have the right to proceed against the collateral, including our available cash, granted to them to secure the indebtedness
If the indebtedness under either of our Credit Facilities and debt securities were to be accelerated, we cannot assure you that our assets would be sufficient to repay in full the indebtedness and our other indebtedness