Home
Jump to Risk Factors
Jump to Industries
Jump to Exposures
Jump to Event Codes
Jump to Wiki Summary

Industries
Investment Banking and Brokerage
Household Appliances
Environmental Services
Health Care Distribution and Services
Human Resource and Employment Services
Health Care Facilities
Electronic Equipment and Instruments
Asset Management and Custody Banks
Technology Hardware Storage and Peripherals
Information Technology
Technology Hardware and Equipment
Exposures
Military
Cooperate
Intelligence
Express intent
Political reform
Regime
Judicial
Provide
Event Codes
Military blockade
Accident
Solicit support
Human death
Warn
Vote
Yield to order
Empathize
Yield
Yield position
Offer peace proposal
Reduce routine activity
Host meeting
Acknowledge responsibility
Censorship
Promise
Release or return
Agree
Reward
Sports contest
Seize
Promise policy support
Propose
Reject
Demand
Collaborate
Wiki Wiki Summary
Financial condition report In accounting, a financial condition report (FCR) is a report on the solvency condition of an insurance company that takes into account both the current financial status, as reflected in the balance sheet, and an assessment of the ability of the company to survive future risk scenarios. Risk assessment in an FCR involves dynamic solvency testing, a type of dynamic financial analysis that simulates management response to risk scenarios, to test whether a company could remain solvent in the face of deteriorating economic conditions or major disasters.
Balance sheet In financial accounting, a balance sheet (also known as statement of financial position or statement of financial condition) is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as government or not-for-profit entity. Assets, liabilities and ownership equity are listed as of a specific date, such as the end of its financial year.
Trustmark (bank) Trustmark is a commercial bank and financial services company headquartered in Jackson, Mississippi, United States, with subsidiaries Trustmark National Bank, Trustmark Investment Advisors, and Fisher Brown Bottrell Insurance. The bank's initial predecessor, The Jackson Bank, was chartered by the State of Mississippi in 1889.
Financial analysis Financial analysis (also referred to as financial statement analysis or accounting analysis or Analysis of finance) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability, and profitability of a business, sub-business or project. \nIt is performed by professionals who prepare reports using ratios and other techniques, that make use of information taken from financial statements and other reports.
Federal takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac In September 2008 the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced that it would take over the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). Both government-sponsored enterprises, which finance home mortgages in the United States by issuing bonds, had become illiquid as the market for those bonds collapsed in the subprime mortgage crisis.
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Surgery Surgery is a medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery".
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Significant figures Significant figures (also known as the significant digits, precision or resolution) of a number in positional notation are digits in the number that are reliable and necessary to indicate the quantity of something.\nIf a number expressing the result of a measurement (e.g., length, pressure, volume, or mass) has more digits than the number of digits allowed by the measurement resolution, then only as many digits as allowed by the measurement resolution are reliable, and so only these can be significant figures.
Significant other The term significant other (SO) has different uses in psychology and in colloquial language. Colloquially "significant other" is used as a gender-neutral term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, relationship status, gender identity, or sexual orientation.
Significant form Significant form refers to an aesthetic theory developed by English art critic Clive Bell which specified a set of criteria for what qualified as a work of art.
Significant Others The term significant other (SO) has different uses in psychology and in colloquial language. Colloquially "significant other" is used as a gender-neutral term for a person's partner in an intimate relationship without disclosing or presuming anything about marital status, relationship status, gender identity, or sexual orientation.
The Simpsons The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical depiction of American life, epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie.
Significant Mother Significant Mother is an American television sitcom created by Erin Cardillo and Richard Keith. Starring Josh Zuckerman, Nathaniel Buzolic and Krista Allen, it premiered on The CW network on August 3 and ended its run on October 5, 2015.
Statistical fluctuations Statistical fluctuations are fluctuations in quantities derived from many identical random processes. They are fundamental and unavoidable.
Profit (economics) An economic profit is the difference between the revenue a commercial entity has received from its outputs and the opportunity costs of its inputs. It equals to total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit and implicit costs.
Profitability analysis In cost accounting, profitability analysis is an analysis of the profitability of an organisation's output. Output of an organisation can be grouped into products, customers, locations, channels and/or transactions.
Profitability index Profitability index (PI), also known as profit investment ratio (PIR) and value investment ratio (VIR), is the ratio of payoff to investment of a proposed project. It is a useful tool for ranking projects because it allows you to quantify the amount of value created per unit of investment.
Customer Profitability Analysis Customer Profitability Analysis (in short CPA) is a management accounting and a credit underwriting method, allowing businesses and lenders to determine the profitability of each customer or segments of customers, by attributing profits and costs to each customer separately. CPA can be applied at the individual customer level (more time consuming, but providing a better understanding of business situation) or at the level of customer aggregates / groups (e.g.
Small Is Profitable Small Is Profitable: The Hidden Economic Benefits of Making Electrical Resources the Right Size is a 2002 book by energy analyst Amory Lovins and others. The book describes 207 ways in which the size of "electrical resources"—devices that make, save, or store electricity—affects their economic value.
Profitable growth Profitable Growth is the combination of profitability and growth, more precisely the combination of Economic Profitability and Growth of Free cash flows. Profitable growth is aimed at seducing the financial community; it emerged in the early 80s when shareholder value creation became firms’ main objective.
Customer profitability Customer Profitability Analysis (in short CPA) is a management accounting and a credit underwriting method, allowing businesses and lenders to determine the profitability of each customer or segments of customers, by attributing profits and costs to each customer separately. CPA can be applied at the individual customer level (more time consuming, but providing a better understanding of business situation) or at the level of customer aggregates / groups (e.g.
Porter's five forces analysis Porter's Five Forces Framework is a method of analysing the operating environment of a competition of a business. It draws from industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and, therefore, the attractiveness (or lack thereof) of an industry in terms of its profitability.
Regulation Regulation is the management of complex systems according to a set of rules and trends. In systems theory, these types of rules exist in various fields of biology and society, but the term has slightly different meanings according to context.
Regulation A In the United States under the Securities Act of 1933, any offer to sell securities must either be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or meet certain qualifications to exempt it from such registration. Regulation A (or Reg A) contains rules providing exemptions from the registration requirements, allowing some companies to use equity crowdfunding to offer and sell their securities without having to register the securities with the SEC. Regulation A offerings are intended to make access to capital possible for small and medium-sized companies that could not otherwise bear the costs of a normal SEC registration and to allow nonaccredited investors to participate in the offering.
Regulation (European Union) A regulation is a legal act of the European Union that becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law.
Radio regulation Radio regulation refers to the regulation and licensing of radio in international law, by individual governments, and by municipalities.\n\n\n== International regulation ==\nThe International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies.
Formula One regulations The numerous Formula One regulations, made and enforced by the FIA and later the FISA, have changed dramatically since the first Formula One World Championship in 1950. This article covers the current state of F1 technical and sporting regulations, as well as the history of the technical regulations since 1950.
Regulation of therapeutic goods The regulation of therapeutic goods, defined as drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, they are regulated at the national level by a single agency.
Settlement (litigation) In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases.
Public interest litigation in India The chief instrument through which judicial activism has flourished in India is Public Interest Litigation (PIL) or Social Action Litigation (SAL). Public interest litigation (PIL) refers to litigation undertaken to secure public interest and demonstrates the availability of justice to socially-disadvantaged parties and was introduced by Justice P. N. Bhagwati.
Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc. The Kano trovafloxacin trial litigation arose out of a clinical trial conducted by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer in 1996 in Kano, Nigeria, during an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis. To test its new antibiotic, trovafloxacin (Trovan), Pfizer gave 100 children trovafloxacin, while another 100 received the gold-standard anti-meningitis treatment, ceftriaxone, a cephalosporin antibiotic.
Risk Factors
COMMERCIAL METALS CO ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS Before making an investment in our company, you should be aware of various risks, including those described below
You should carefully consider these risk factors together with all of the other information included in this annual report on Form 10-K The risks described below are not the only risks facing us
Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or those we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows
If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected and you may lose all or part of your investment
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN CHINA’S STEEL CONSUMPTION OR INCREASED CHINESE STEEL PRODUCTION SUBSTANTIALLY EXCEEDING LOCAL DEMAND MAY RESULT IN CHINA BECOMING A LARGE EXPORTER OF STEEL AND DISRUPTION TO WORLD STEEL MARKETS Chinese economic expansion has affected the availability and heightened the volatility of many commodities that we market and use in our manufacturing process, including steel
It is reported that in calendar year 2005 China became a net exporter of steel, albeit only by 600cmam000 tons out of a total estimated production capacity of 349 million tons
China now accounts for approximately one third of the world’s raw steel production and one third of the world’s steel consumption
Expansions and contractions in China’s economy can have major effects on the pricing of not only the price of our finished steel products but also many commodities that affect us such as secondary metals, energy, marine freight rates, steel making supplies such as ferroalloys and graphite electrodes and materials we market such as iron ore and coke
Should Chinese demand weaken or Chinese steel production be allowed to expand unchecked to the point that it significantly exceeds the country’s consumption, prices for many of the products that we both sell to and export from China may fall causing erosion in our gross margins and subjecting us to possible renegotiation of contracts or increases in bad debts
Significant exports from China of steel in the product lines we manufacture in the United States would cause selling prices in the United States to decline and negatively impact our gross margins
RAPID AND SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE PRICE OF METALS COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR INDUSTRY Prices for most metals in which we deal have experienced large increases and increased volatility in recent years
With a few exceptions, our markets have been able to adapt to this changing pricing environment
However, should metals prices experience 10 _________________________________________________________________ [63]Table of Contents further unanticipated and even more substantial rapid increases or be subjected to sudden substantial decreases it would impact us in several ways
Some of our operations, the domestic fabrication segment for example, may benefit from rapidly decreasing steel prices as their material cost decline while others, such as our domestic mill and CMCZ segments, would likely experience reduced margins until prices stabilized
Overall we believe that rapid substantial price changes, should they occur, will not be to our industry’s benefit
Our customer and supplier base would be impacted due to uncertainty as to future prices
A reluctance to purchase inventory in the face of extreme price decreases or sell quickly during a period of rapid price increases would likely reduce our volume of business
Marginal industry participants or speculators may attempt to participate to an unhealthy extent during a period of rapid price escalation with a substantial risk of contract default should prices suddenly reverse
EXCESS CAPACITY IN OUR INDUSTRY COULD INCREASE THE LEVEL OF STEEL IMPORTS INTO THE US RESULTING IN LOWER DOMESTIC PRICES WHICH WOULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR SALES, MARGINS AND PROFITABILITY Steel-making capacity exceeds demand for steel products in some countries
Rather than reducing employment by rationalizing capacity with consumption, steel manufacturers in these countries (often with local government assistance or subsidies in various forms) have traditionally periodically exported steel at prices that are significantly below their home market prices and which may not reflect their costs of production or capital
This supply of imports can decrease the sensitivity of domestic steel prices to increases in demand or our ability to recover increased manufacturing costs
OUR INDUSTRY IS AFFECTED BY CYCLICAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC FACTORS INCLUDING THE RISK OF A SLOW DOWN IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OR RECESSION Many of our products are commodities subject to cyclical fluctuations in supply and demand in metal consuming industries
Metals industries have historically been vulnerable to significant declines in consumption and product pricing during prolong periods of economic downturn
A recession in either the United States or the European Union or the public perception that a slowdown or recession may occur, could decrease the demand for our products and adversely affect our business
Our overall financial results will be dependent substantially upon the extent to which economic conditions in both the United States and the European Union remain strong
Overall economic activity has historically been susceptible to declines following periods of rapidly increased energy costs or interest rates
A slower expansion or recession will adversely affect our financial results
Our geographic concentration in the southern and southwestern United States as well as Central Europe, Australia and China exposes us to the local market conditions in these regions
Economic downturns in these areas or decisions by governments that have an impact on the level and pace of overall economic activity could adversely affect our sales and profitability
Our business supports cyclical industries such as commercial construction, energy, service center, petrochemical and original equipment manufacturing
These industries may experience significant fluctuations in demand for our products based on economic conditions, energy prices, consumer demand and decisions by governments to fund infrastructure projects such as highways, schools, energy plants and airports
As a result of the volatility in the industries we serve, we may have difficulty increasing or maintaining our level of sales or profitability
If the industries we serve suffer a prolonged downturn, then our business may be adversely affected
Our industry is characterized by low backlogs, which means that our results of operations are promptly affected by short-term economic fluctuations
COMPLIANCE WITH AND CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND REMEDIATION REQUIREMENTS COULD RESULT IN SUSTANTIALLY INCREASED CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND OPERATING COSTS Existing laws or regulations, as currently interpreted or reinterpreted in the future, or future laws or regulations, may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations is a significant factor in our business
We are subject to local, state, federal and international environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other matters, waste disposal, air emissions, waste and storm water effluent and disposal and employee health
Our manufacturing and recycling operations produce significant amounts of by-products, some of which are handled as industrial waste or 11 _________________________________________________________________ [64]Table of Contents hazardous waste
For example, our minimills generate electric arc furnace dust (EAF dust), which the EPA, and other regulatory authorities classify as hazardous waste
EAF dust requires special handling, recycling or disposal
In addition, the primary feed materials for the shredders operated by our scrap metal recycling facilities are automobile hulks and obsolete household appliances
Approximately 20prca of the weight of an automobile hulk consists of unrecyclable material known as shredder fluff
After the segregation of ferrous and saleable non-ferrous metals, shredder fluff remains
We, along with others in the recycling industry, interpret Federal regulations to require shredder fluff to meet certain criteria and pass a toxic leaching test to avoid classification as a hazardous waste
We also endeavor to remove hazardous contaminants from the feed material prior to shredding
As a result, we believe the shredder fluff we generate is not normally considered or properly classified as hazardous waste
If the laws, regulations or testing methods change with regard to EAF dust or shredder fluff, we may incur additional significant expenditures
Although we believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, legal requirements are changing frequently and are subject to interpretation
New laws, regulations and changing interpretations by regulatory authorities, together with uncertainty regarding adequate pollution control levels, testing and sampling procedures, new pollution control technology and cost benefit analysis based on market conditions are all factors that may increase our future expenditures to comply with environmental requirements
Accordingly, we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of future compliance with these requirements or their effect on our operations
We cannot predict whether such costs can be passed on to customers through product price increases
Competitors in various regions or countries where environmental regulation might not be so restrictive, subject to different interpretation or generally not enforced may enjoy a competitive advantage
We may also be required to conduct additional clean up at sites where we have already participated in remediation efforts or to take remediation action with regard to sites formerly used in connection with our operations
We may be required to pay for a portion of the costs of clean up or remediation at sites we never owned or on which we never operated if we are found to have arranged for treatment or disposal of hazardous substances on the sites
In particular major changes in the rate of exchange of China’s Renminbi or substantial increases in the value of the Euro to the US Dollar could negatively impact our business
A strong US dollar makes imported metal products less expensive, resulting in more imports of steel products into the US by our foreign competitors
Past economic difficulties in Eastern Europe, Asia and Latin America have resulted in lower local demand for steel products and have encouraged greater steel exports to the US at depressed prices
As a result, our products which are made in the US, may become relatively more expensive as compared to imported steel, which has had and in the future could have a negative impact on our sales, revenues and profitability
A strong US dollar hampers our international marketing and distribution business
Weak local currencies limit the amount of US dollar denominated products that we can import for our international operations and limits our ability to be competitive against local producers selling in local currencies
OPERATING INTERNATIONALLY CARRIES RISKS AND UNCERTANTIES WHICH COULD NEGATIVELY EFFECT OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS We have our heaviest concentration of manufacturing operations in the United States but also have significant facilities in Europe and Australia
Our marketing and trading offices are located in most major markets of the world with our suppliers and our customers located throughout the world
Our marketing and distribution segment relies on substantial international shipments of materials and products in the ordinary course of its business
Our stability, growth and profitability are subject to a number of risks inherent in doing business internationally in addition to the currency exchange risk discussed above, including: • Political, military, terrorist or major pandemic events; • Legal and regulatory requirements or limitations imposed by foreign governments (particularly those with significant steel consumption or steel related production including China, Brazil, Russia and India) including quotas, tariffs or other protectionist trade barriers, adverse tax law changes, nationalization or currency restrictions; 12 _________________________________________________________________ [65]Table of Contents • Disruptions or delays in shipments caused by customs compliance or government agencies; and • Potential difficulties in staffing and managing local operations
WE RELY ON THE AVAILABILITY OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS FOR OUR MINIMILL OPERATIONS DISRUPTIONS IN DELIVERY OR SUBSTANTIAL INCREASES IN ENERGY COSTS, INCLUDING CRUDE OIL PRICES, COULD ADVERSLY EFFECT ON OUR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE Minimills melt steel scrap in electric arc furnaces and use natural gas to heat steel billets for rolling into finished products
As large consumers of electricity and gas, often the largest in the geographic area where our minimills are located, we must have dependable delivery of electricity and natural gas in order to operate
Accordingly, we are at risk in the event of an energy disruption
Prolonged black-outs or brown-outs or disruptions caused by natural disasters such as hurricanes would substantially disrupt our production
While we have not suffered prolonged production delays due to our inability to access electricity or natural gas several of our competitors have experienced such occurrences
Prolonged substantial increases in energy costs would have an adverse effect on the costs of operating our minimills and would negatively impact our gross margins unless we were able to fully pass through the additional expense
Our finished steel products are typically delivered by truck
Rapid increases in the price of fuel attributable to increases in crude oil prices will have a negative impact on our costs and many of our customers financial results which could result in reduced margins and declining demand for our products
Rapid increases in fuel costs may also negatively impact our ability to charter ships for international deliveries at anticipated freight rates thereby decreasing our margins on those transactions or causing our customers to look for alternative sources
IF WE LOSE THE SERVICES OF KEY EMPLOYEES WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE OUR OPERATIONS AND MEET OUR STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES Our future success depends, in large part, on the continued service of our officers and other key employees and our ability to continue to attract and retain additional highly qualified personnel
These employees are integral to our success based on their expertise and knowledge of our business and products
We compete for such personnel with other companies including public and private company competitors who may periodically offer more favorable terms of employment
While we have an employment agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, we typically do not have employment agreements with other key employees
The loss or interruption of the services of a number of our key employees would reduce our ability to effectively manage our operations due to the fact that we may not be able to find in a timely manner, appropriate replacement personnel should the need arise
WE HAVE INITIATED IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEM WHICH, IF NOT EFFECTIVELY MANAGED AND CONTROLLED, COULD THREATEN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF OPERATION AND FINANCIAL GOALS Planning and design of a new enterprise resource planning system commenced in 2006 and will continue through 2007 with phased implementation scheduled commencing in 2008
There are risks that this effort may not result in a successful implementation resulting in resources being inappropriately diverted, untimely completion and substantial cost overruns
WE MAY HAVE DIFFICULTY COMPETING WITH COMPANIES THAT HAVE A LOWER COST STRUCTURE THAN OURS We compete with regional, national and foreign manufacturers and traders
Some of these competitors are larger, have greater financial resources and more diverse businesses than us
Some of our foreign competitors may be able to pursue business opportunities without regard for the laws and regulations with which we must comply, such as environmental regulations
These companies may have a lower cost structure, more operating flexibility and consequently they may be able to offer better prices and more services than we can
We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with these companies
Furthermore, over the past several years, many integrated domestic steel producers and scrap metal recyclers have entered bankruptcy proceedings
The companies that reorganize and emerge from bankruptcy may have a more competitive capital cost structures
In addition, asset sales by these companies during the reorganization process tended to be at depressed prices, enabling some purchasers to acquire greater capacity at a lower cost
OUR STEEL MINIMILL BUSINESS REQUIRES CONTINUOUS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS THAT WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO SUSTAIN We must make regular substantial capital investments in our steel minimills to lower production costs and remain competitive
We cannot be certain that we will have sufficient internally generated cash or acceptable external financing to make necessary substantial capital expenditures in the future
The availability of external financing depends on many factors outside of our control, including capital market conditions and the overall performance of the economy
If funding is insufficient, we may be unable to develop or enhance our minimills, take advantage of business opportunities and respond to competitive pressures
13 _________________________________________________________________ [66]Table of Contents SCRAP AND OTHER SUPPLIES FOR OUR BUSINESSES ARE SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT PRICE FLUCTUATIONS, WHICH MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS We depend on ferrous scrap, the primary feedstock for our steel minimills and other supplies such as graphite electrodes and ferroalloys for our steel minimill operations
Although we believe that the supply of scrap is adequate to meet future needs, the price of scrap and other supplies have historically been subject to significant fluctuation
Our future profitability will be adversely affected if we are unable to pass on to our customers increased raw material and supplies costs
We may not be able to adjust our product prices to recover the costs of rapid increases in material prices, especially over the short-term and in our domestic fabrication segment’s fixed price fabrication contracts
The raw material used in manufacturing copper tubing is copper scrap, supplemented occasionally by virgin copper ingot
Copper scrap has generally been readily available, and a small portion of our copper scrap comes from our metal recycling yards
However, copper scrap is subject to rapid price fluctuations related to the price and supply of virgin copper
Price increases for high quality copper scrap could adversely affect our business
Finally, our Arkansas mill does not have melting capacity, so it is dependent on an adequate supply of competitively priced used rail
The availability of used rail fluctuates with the pace of railroad abandonments, rail replacement by railroads in the United States and abroad and demand for used rail from other domestic and foreign rail rerolling mills
Price increases for used rail could adversely affect our business
UNEXPECTED EQUIPMENT FAILURES MAY LEAD TO PRODUCTION CURTAILMENTS OR SHUTDOWNS Interruptions in our production capabilities will adversely affect our production costs, steel available for sales and earnings for the affected period
In addition to equipment failures, our facilities are also subject to the risk of catastrophic loss due to unanticipated events such as fires, explosions or violent weather conditions
Our manufacturing processes are dependent upon critical pieces of steel-making equipment, such as our furnaces, continuous casters and rolling equipment, as well as electrical equipment, such as transformers, and this equipment may, on occasion, be out of service as a result of unanticipated failures
We have experienced and may in the future experience material plant shutdowns or periods of reduced production as a result of such equipment failures
HEDGING TRANSACTIONS MAY LIMIT OUR POTENTIAL GAINS OR EXPOSE US TO LOSS Our product lines and worldwide operations expose us to risks associated with fluctuations in foreign currency exchange, commodity prices and interest rates
As part of our risk management program, we use financial instruments, including commodity futures or forwards, foreign currency exchange forward contracts and interest rate swaps
While intended to reduce the effects of the fluctuations, these transactions may limit our potential gains or expose us to loss
Should our counterparties to such transactions or the sponsors of the exchanges through which these transactions are offered, such as the London Metal Exchange, fail to honor their obligations due to financial distress we would be exposed to potential losses or the inability to recover anticipated gains from these transactions
We enter into the foreign currency exchange forwards as economic hedges of trade commitments or anticipated commitments denominated in currencies other than the functional currency to mitigate the effects of changes in currency rates
Although we do not enter into these instruments for trading purposes or speculation, and although our management believes all of these instruments are economically effective as hedges of underlying physical transactions, these foreign exchange commitments are dependent on timely performance by our counterparties
Their failure to perform could result in our having to close these hedges without the anticipated underlying transaction and could result in losses if foreign currency exchange rates have changed
WE ARE INVOLVED AND MAY IN THE FUTURE BECOME INVOLVED IN VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS THAT MAY RESULT IN FINES, PENALTIES OR JUDGMENTS BEING ASSESSED AGAINST US OR LIABILITY IMPOSED UPON US WHICH WE CANNOT PRESENTLY ESTIMATE OR REASONABLY FORESEE AND WHICH MAY HAVE A MATERIAL IMPACT ON OUR EARNINGS AND CASH FLOWS Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, called CERCLA, or similar state statutes, we may have obligations to conduct investigation and remediation activities associated with alleged releases of hazardous substances or to reimburse the EPA (or state agencies as applicable) for such activities and to pay for natural resource damages associated with alleged releases
We have been named a potentially responsible party at several federal and state Superfund sites because the EPA or an equivalent state agency contends that we and other potentially responsible scrap metal suppliers are liable for the cleanup of those sites as a result of having sold scrap metal to unrelated manufacturers for recycling as a raw material in the manufacture of new products
We are involved in litigation or administrative proceedings with regard to several of these sites in which 14 _________________________________________________________________ [67]Table of Contents we are contesting, or at the appropriate time may contest, our liability at the sites
In addition, we have received information requests with regard to other sites which may be under consideration by the EPA as potential CERCLA sites
Although we are unable to estimate precisely the ultimate dollar amount of exposure to loss in connection with various environmental matters or the effect on our consolidated financial position, we make accruals as warranted
Due to inherent uncertainties, including evolving remediation technology, changing regulations, possible third-party contributions, the inherent shortcomings of the estimation process, the uncertainties involved in litigation and other factors, the amounts we accrue could vary significantly from the amounts we ultimately are required to pay
AN INABILITY TO FULLY AND EFFECTIVELY INTEGRATE FUTURE ACQUISITIONS COULD RESULT IN INCREASED COSTS WHILE DIVERTING MANAGEMENT’S ATTENTION FROM OUR CORE OPERATIONS, AND WE CANNOT ASSURE YOU THAT WE WILL REALIZE THEIR FULL BENEFITS OR SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE OUR COMBINED COMPANY, AND FUTURE ACQUISITIONS MAY RESULT IN DILUTIVE EQUITY ISSUANCES OR INCREASES IN DEBT As part of our ongoing business strategy we regularly evaluate and may pursue acquisitions of and investments in complementary companies
We cannot assure you that we will be able to fully or successfully integrate recent or future acquisitions in a timely manner or at all
If we are unable to successfully integrate acquisitions, we may incur costs and delays or other operational, technical or financial problems, any of which could adversely affect our business
In addition, management’s attention may be diverted from core operations which could harm our ability to timely meet the needs of our customers and damage our relationships with those customers
To finance future acquisitions, we may need to raise funds either by issuing equity securities or incurring or assuming debt
If we incur additional debt, the related interest expense may significantly reduce our profitability
WE ARE SUBJECT TO LITIGATION WHICH COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR PROFITABILITY We are involved in various litigation matters, including regulatory proceedings, administrative proceedings, governmental investigations, environmental matters and construction contract disputes
The nature of our operations also expose us to possible litigation claims in the future
Although we make every effort to avoid litigation, these matters are not totally within our control
We will contest these matters vigorously and have made insurance claims where appropriate, but because of the uncertain nature of litigation and coverage decisions, we cannot predict the outcome of these matters
These matters could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability
Litigation is very costly, and the costs associated with prosecuting and defending litigation matters could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability
Although we are unable to estimate precisely the ultimate dollar amount of exposure to loss in connection with litigation matters, we make accruals as warranted
However, the amounts that we accrue could vary significantly from the amounts we actually pay, due to inherent uncertainties and the inherent shortcomings of the estimation process, the uncertainties involved in litigation and other factors
SOME OF OUR CUSTOMERS MAY DEFAULT ON THE DEBTS THEY OWE TO US Economic conditions are not consistent in all the markets we serve
Some areas are still weak, and our customers may struggle to meet their obligations, especially if a significant customer of theirs defaults
We regularly maintain a substantial amount of accounts receivable – at year end over dlra1dtta1 billion
We charged off accounts receivable net of recoveries of dlra3dtta8 million during the past fiscal year and at year end our allowance for collection losses was dlra16 million
Other factors such as management and accounting irregularities have forced some companies into bankruptcy
A weakening of the general economy and corporate failures could result in higher bad debt costs
In certain markets we have experienced a consolidation among those entities to whom we sell
This consolidation, along with substantially higher metals and other commodity prices, has resulted in an increased credit risk spread among fewer customers without a corresponding strengthening of their financial status
Although we have expanded our use of credit insurance for accounts receivable in our marketing and distribution segment and require letters of credit from reputable financial institutions in many international sales transactions, the majority of our receivables in our other segments are considered to be open account uninsured accounts receivable
CREDIT RATINGS AFFECT OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN FINANCING AND THE COST OF SUCH FINANCING Credit ratings affect our ability to obtain financing and the cost of such financing
Our commercial paper program is ranked in the second highest category by Moody’s Investors Service (P-2) and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (A-2)
Our senior unsecured debt is investment grade rated by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (BBB) and Moody’s Investors Service (Baa2)
In determining our credit ratings, the rating agencies consider a number of both quantitative and qualitative factors
These factors include earnings, fixed charges such as interest, cash flows, total debt outstanding, off balance sheet obligations and other commitments, total capitalization 15 _________________________________________________________________ [68]Table of Contents and various ratios calculated from these factors
The rating agencies also consider predictability of cash flows, business strategy and diversity, industry conditions and contingencies
Lower ratings on our commercial paper program or our senior unsecured debt could impair our ability to obtain additional financing and will increase the cost of the financing that we do obtain
THE AGREEMENTS GOVERNING THE NOTES AND OUR OTHER DEBT CONTAIN FINANCIAL COVENANTS AND IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS ON OUR BUSINESS The indenture governing our 6dtta80prca notes due 2007, 6dtta75prca notes due 2009 and 5dtta625prca notes due 2013 contains restrictions on our ability to create liens, sell assets, enter into sale and leaseback transactions and consolidate or merge
In addition, our credit facility contains covenants that place restrictions on our ability to, among other things: — create liens; — enter into transactions with affiliates; — sell assets; — in the case of some of our subsidiaries, guarantee debt; and — consolidate or merge
Our credit facility also requires that we meet certain financial tests and maintain certain financial ratios, including a maximum debt to capitalization and interest coverage ratios
Although the debt owed by CMCZ under a five-year term note is without recourse to Commercial Metals Company, our Swiss subsidiary that owns the CMCZ shares or any other of our subsidiaries, the note does contain certain covenants including minimum debt to EBITDA, debt to equity and tangible net worth requirements (as defined only by reference to CMCZ’s financial statements)
Other agreements that we may enter into in the future may contain covenants imposing significant restrictions on our business that are similar to, or in addition to, the covenants under our existing agreements
These restrictions may affect our ability to operate our business and may limit our ability to take advantage of potential business opportunities as they arise
Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions
The breach of any of these restrictions could result in a default under the indenture governing the notes or under our other debt agreements
An event of default under our debt agreements would permit some of our lenders to declare all amounts borrowed from them to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest
If we were unable to repay debt to our secured lenders if we incur secured debt in the future, these lenders could proceed against the collateral securing that debt
In addition, acceleration of our other indebtedness may cause us to be unable to make interest payments on the notes
OUR SYSTEM OF INTERNAL CONTROLS MUST BE AUDITED ANNUALLY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF A MATERIAL WEAKNESS MAY NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR BUSINESS REPUTATION, CREDIT RATINGS AND PARTICIPATION IN CAPITAL MARKETS Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act management must now assess the design and functioning of our system of financial internal control
Discovery and disclosure of a material weakness, by definition, may have a material adverse impact on our financial statements
This may in turn negatively affect our ability to access public debt or equity markets for capital