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Mergers and acquisitions In corporate finance, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities. As an aspect of strategic management, M&A can allow enterprises to grow or downsize, and change the nature of their business or competitive position.
List of mergers and acquisitions by Meta Platforms Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook, Inc.) is a technology company that has acquired 91 other companies, including WhatsApp. The WhatsApp acquisition closed at a steep $16 billion; more than $40 per user of the platform.
List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet Google is a computer software and a web search engine company that acquired, on average, more than one company per week in 2010 and 2011. The table below is an incomplete list of acquisitions, with each acquisition listed being for the respective company in its entirety, unless otherwise specified.
Bolt-on acquisition Bolt-on acquisition refers to the acquisition of smaller companies, usually in the same line of business, that presents strategic value. This is in contrast to primary acquisitions of other companies which are generally in different industries, require larger investments, or are of similar size to the acquiring company.
Library acquisitions Library acquisitions is the department of a library responsible for the selection and purchase of materials or resources. The department may select vendors, negotiate consortium pricing, arrange for standing orders, and select individual titles or resources.Libraries, both physical and digital, usually have four common broad goals that help dictate these responsibilities.
Ben Ashkenazy Ben Ashkenazy (born 1968/69) is an American billionaire real estate developer. He is the founder, CEO, and majority owner of Ashkenazy Acquisition Corporation, which has a $12 billion property portfolio.
Language acquisition Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language (in other words, gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it), as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.\nLanguage acquisition involves structures, rules and representation.
List of acquisitions by Oracle This is a listing of Oracle Corporation's corporate acquisitions, including acquisitions of both companies and individual products.\nOracle's version does not include value of the acquisition.See also Category:Sun Microsystems acquisitions (Sun was acquired by Oracle).
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Arithmetic Arithmetic (from Ancient Greek ἀριθμός (arithmós) 'number', and τική [τέχνη] (tikḗ [tékhnē]) 'art, craft') is an elementary part of mathematics that consists of the study of the properties of the traditional operations on numbers—addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, and extraction of roots. In the 19th century, Italian mathematician Giuseppe Peano formalized arithmetic with his Peano axioms, which are highly important to the field of mathematical logic today.
Bitwise operation In computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on a bit string, a bit array or a binary numeral (considered as a bit string) at the level of its individual bits. It is a fast and simple action, basic to the higher-level arithmetic operations and directly supported by the processor.
Special Activities Center The Special Activities Center (SAC) is a division of the Central Intelligence Agency responsible for covert operations and paramilitary operations. The unit was named Special Activities Division (SAD) prior to 2015.
Operations management Operations management is an area of management concerned with designing and controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed and effective in meeting customer requirements.
Special operations Special operations (S.O.) are military activities conducted, according to NATO, by "specially designated, organized, selected, trained, and equipped forces using unconventional techniques and modes of employment". Special operations may include reconnaissance, unconventional warfare, and counter-terrorism actions, and are typically conducted by small groups of highly-trained personnel, emphasizing sufficiency, stealth, speed, and tactical coordination, commonly known as "special forces".
Emergency operations center An emergency operations center (EOC) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.\nAn EOC is responsible for strategic direction and operational decisions and does not normally directly control field assets, instead leaving tactical decisions to lower commands.
Operations research Operations research (British English: operational research), often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of advanced analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is sometimes considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences.
Operation (mathematics) In mathematics, an operation is a function which takes zero or more input values (called operands) to a well-defined output value. The number of operands (also known as arguments) is the arity of the operation.
Application software An application program (application or app for short) is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users. Word processors, media players, and accounting software are examples of.
Web application A web application (or web app) is application software that runs on a web browser, unlike software programs that run locally and natively on the operating system (OS) of the device. Web applications are delivered on the World Wide Web to users with an active network connection.
App Store (iOS/iPadOS) The App Store is an app store platform, developed and maintained by Apple Inc., for mobile apps on its iOS and iPadOS operating systems. The store allows users to browse and download approved apps developed within Apple's iOS Software Development Kit.
Mobile app A mobile application or app is a computer program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as a phone, tablet, or watch. Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run in mobile web browsers rather than directly on the mobile device.
Provisional application Under United States patent law, a provisional application is a legal document filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), that establishes an early filing date, but does not mature into an issued patent unless the applicant files a regular non-provisional patent application within one year. There is no such thing as a "provisional patent".A provisional application includes a specification, i.e.
Competition Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc.
Internet In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay the lender or some third party.
Proprietary software Proprietary software, also known as non-free software or closed-source software, is computer software for which the software's publisher or another person reserves some licensing rights to use, modify, share modifications, or share the software, restricting user freedom with the software they lease. It is the opposite of open-source or free software.
Software Software is a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data. This is in contrast to hardware, from which the system is built and which actually performs the work.
On-premises software On-premises software (abbreviated to on-prem, and incorrectly referred to as on-premise) is installed and runs on computers on the premises of the person or organization using the software, rather than at a remote facility such as a server farm or cloud. On-premises software is sometimes referred to as "shrinkwrap" software, and off-premises software is commonly called "software as a service" ("SaaS") or "cloud computing".
Software as a Product Software as a product (SaaP, also programming product, software product) is a product, software, which is made to be sold to users, and users pay for licence which allows them to use it, in contrast to SaaS, where users buy subscription and where the software is centrally hosted.\nOne example of software as a product has historically been Microsoft Office, which has traditionally been distributed as a file package using CD-ROM or other physical media or is downloaded over network.
Software product management Software product management (sometimes also referred to as digital product management or, in the right context just product management) is the discipline of building, implementing and managing software or digital products, taking into account life-cycle considerations and an audience. It is the discipline and business process which governs a product from its inception to the market or customer delivery and service in order to maximize revenue.
Software product line Software product lines (SPLs), or software product line development, refers to software engineering methods, tools and techniques for creating a collection of similar software systems from a shared set of software assets using a common means of production.The Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute defines a software product line as "a set of software-intensive systems that share a common, managed set of features satisfying the specific needs of a particular market segment or mission and that are developed from a common set of core assets in a prescribed way."\n\n\n== Description ==\nManufacturers have long employed analogous engineering techniques to create a product line of similar products using a common factory that assembles and configures parts designed to be reused across the product line. For example, automotive manufacturers can create unique variations of one car model using a single pool of carefully designed parts and a factory specifically designed to configure and assemble those parts.
Easy Software Products Easy Software Products was the vendor who originally invented the Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) and HTMLDOC software. It was founded near Washington, D.C. in 1993 and was located in Morgan Hill, California.
Software release life cycle A software release life cycle is the sum of the stages of development and maturity for a piece of computer software. Cycles range from its initial development to its eventual release, and include updated versions of the released version to help improve software or fix software bugs still present in the software.Computer users are most likely to be familiar with the beta phase, as software products are sometimes publicly advertised as being beta in order to reduce users' expectations of their reliability.
Intellectual property Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. There are many types of intellectual property, and some countries recognize more than others.
Risk Factors
CLICK COMMERCE INC Item 1A Risk Factors Risks Related to Our Business Acquisitions or investments in other technology companies or related businesses may disrupt or otherwise have a negative impact on our business and dilute shareholder value
We have and may continue to acquire or make investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into relationships with parties who can provide access to those assets, if appropriate opportunities arise
From time to time we have had discussions and negotiations with companies regarding our acquiring, investing in or partnering with their businesses, products, services or technologies, and we regularly engage in these discussions and negotiations in the ordinary course of our business
We may not identify suitable acquisition, investment or relationship candidates, or if we do identify suitable candidates, we may not complete those transactions on commercially acceptable terms or at all
If we acquire another company, we could have difficulty in assimilating that company’s personnel, operations, technology and software
In addition, the personnel of the acquired company may decide not to work for us
If we make other types of acquisitions, we could have difficulty in integrating the acquired products, services or technologies into our operations
These difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses
Furthermore, we may incur indebtedness or issue equity securities to pay for any future acquisitions
The issuance of equity securities would dilute the ownership interests of the holders of our common stock
Integration of recent acquisitions may result in a significant use of capital
Our recent acquisitions have required various expenditures and the assumption of indebtedness
Integration of these acquisitions may result in further cash outlays
We are dependent on the success of our suite of applications and related services for our success
To date, substantially all of our revenues have been attributable to sales of licenses and related services, consisting of hosting, site administration, implementation, integration with a customer’s existing back-office computer systems and maintenance and support of our software products
We currently expect our suite of applications and related services to account for a substantial portion of our future revenues
Accordingly, factors adversely affecting the pricing of or demand for our suite of applications, such as competition or technological change, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operating results
Our future financial performance will depend, in significant part, on the successful development, introduction and customer acceptance of new and enhanced versions of our suite of applications and of new products and services that we develop or acquire
We can provide no assurance that we will be successful in upgrading and continuing to market our suite of applications or that we will successfully develop or acquire new products and services or that any new products and services will achieve market acceptance
12 ______________________________________________________________________ Our business is subject to quarterly fluctuations in operating results, which may negatively impact the price of our common stock
While our growing base of recurring maintenance, hosting and subscription revenues provides revenues which are more predictable than sales of software licenses and related implementation services, we still have significant revenues that are not recurring or accurately predictable in succeeding quarters
Our quarterly operating results have varied significantly in the past, and we expect that they will continue to vary significantly from quarter to quarter in the future due to variations in sales of software licenses and related implementation services and the additional results of operations from acquired businesses
We have difficulty predicting the volume and timing of contracts, and short delays in closing contracts or in implementation of products can cause our operating results to fall substantially short of anticipated levels for any particular quarter
This is, in part, due to the fact that our products tend to have long sales cycles, which makes it difficult to predict the periods in which we will recognize revenue and may cause operating results to vary significantly
As a result of these and other factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our historical results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and are not a reliable predictor of our future performance
We may not be successful in generating and sustaining recurring revenue streams to offset the above effects
In addition, we regularly incur expenses to develop products and service offerings ancillary to our existing line of products and services
These expenses are variable and may affect our earnings and may result in losses in particular quarterly or annual periods
Finally, the Company may incur costs related to the investigation of acquisitions If we are unable to complete a substantial number of sales contracts when anticipated or experience delays in the process or problems with satisfying contract terms, we may have to defer or withhold recognition of revenue, causing our quarterly results to fluctuate and fall below anticipated levels
For contracts in which revenue is recognized using the percentage-of-completion method, we may not be able to recognize all or a portion of the revenue because milestones were not achieved or the level of hours incurred fell short of expectations
If we are unable to complete one or more substantial anticipated license sales or experience problems with satisfying contract terms required for revenue recognition in a particular quarter, we may not be able to recognize revenue when anticipated
We may, nonetheless, recognize marketing and other expenses, causing our quarterly results to fluctuate and fall below anticipated levels
For all of these reasons, in some future quarters or years our operating results may be below the expectations of investors, which could cause volatility or a decline in the price of our common stock
An economic slowdown, particularly in information technology, may adversely impact our business
Our business has been adversely impacted by past economic slowdowns that resulted in a decline in information technology spending by our customers and potential customers
The adverse impacts from an economic slowdown include longer sales cycles, lower average selling prices and reduced bookings and revenue
Any future economic slowdowns could adversely impact our business
We license certain software from third parties
We license a small amount of software from third parties
These third party software licenses may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms
The loss of, or inability to maintain, any of these software licenses could result in shipment delays or reductions in revenue
This could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition
13 ______________________________________________________________________ We will not be able to achieve desired growth in our business if we cannot increase our direct and indirect sales channels
Our products and services require a sophisticated sales effort targeted at several people within our prospective clients’ organizations
We believe that our success is dependent upon developing more economical sales efforts which may include establishing strategic relationships with third parties
We cannot be sure that we will be successful in achieving these economies in our direct or indirect sales or in establishing these desired relationships or that these third parties will devote adequate resources or have the technical and other sales capabilities to sell our products
The failure to achieve expected sales could adversely affect the market price of our common stock
We face competition and may face future competition
The market for software products and services that enable business-to-business e-commerce is intensely competitive, rapidly changing
There are relatively few barriers to entry in many of the markets in which we operate
We expect competition to persist and intensify, which could result in our losing market share or lowering our prices
In addition, some of our customers are software companies that use certain of our software products, particularly our master data management solutions, as components or modules of their larger and more comprehensive enterprise resource management software systems or bundle our software products with their products to complete the range of functionality required by their customers
These software companies may design and develop their own software solutions to replace our software products or could acquire alternative solutions from third parties
If our customers develop or acquire alternative software solutions, we could lose sales or be forced to lower our prices to maintain these customer relationships
Some of our competitors have advantages over us
Some of our existing competitors, as well as potential future competitors, are multi-billion dollar, international, software providers with longer operating histories in markets related to ours, greater name recognition, larger customer bases and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources than our Company
These advantages may allow them to respond more quickly and effectively to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements
It may also allow them to engage in more extensive research and development, undertake farther-reaching marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, implement their products and services more rapidly, and make more attractive offers to potential employees and other business associates
One or more of these companies could adopt a different business strategy for achieving profitability, which could allow them to charge fees that are lower than ours, in order to attract clients
In addition, current and potential competitors have established or may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of their products or services to address the needs of our current and prospective clients
Our chief executive officer is critical to our business
Our future success depends to some extent upon the continued service of our chief executive officer
The services of Michael W Ferro, Jr, our founder, chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer would be difficult to replace
If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights or face a claim of intellectual property infringement by a third party, we could lose our intellectual property rights or be liable for significant damages
Our success depends significantly upon our proprietary technology
We have a small number of patents, and limited plans to initiate applications for any new patents
Unauthorized parties could copy aspects of our products or services or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary
Our means of protecting our proprietary rights may not be adequate, and our competitors may independently develop 14 ______________________________________________________________________ similar technology or duplicate our products or our other intellectual property rights
Our failure to protect our proprietary rights adequately, or our competitorssuccessful duplication of our technology, could negatively affect our operating results and cause the price of our common stock to decline
In addition, we have agreed, and may agree in the future, to indemnify certain of our customers against claims that our software infringes upon the intellectual property rights of others
We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves and our customers against infringement claims
In the event of a claim of infringement, we and our customers could be required to obtain one or more licenses from third parties
We or our customers may be unable to obtain necessary licenses from third parties at a reasonable cost, or at all
Defense of any lawsuit or failure to obtain any such required licenses could harm our business, operating results and financial condition
Litigation over intellectual property rights could disrupt or otherwise have a negative impact on our business
There has been frequent litigation in the computer industry regarding intellectual property rights
Third parties may make claims of infringement by us with respect to current or future products, trademarks or other proprietary rights
These claims could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention, cause product release or service delays, require us to redesign our products or services or require us to enter into costly royalty or licensing agreements
Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations
If we become subject to product liability litigation, it could be costly and time consuming to defend
Since our products are used for company-wide, integral computer applications with significant potential impact on our customers’ sales of their products, any errors, defects or other performance problems with our products could result in financial or other loss for our customers
Although we have contractual limits to our liability, product liability litigation would be time consuming and costly to defend, even if we are successful
We have disclosed pro forma financial information
We prepare and release quarterly unaudited financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”)
We also have disclosed and discussed certain pro forma financial information in certain previous earnings releases and related investor conference calls
This pro forma financial information excluded certain non-cash charges, consisting primarily of amortization of stock-based compensation, restructuring charges, accretion related to preferred stock, amortization of intangible assets and certain income tax expense or benefit
Disclosure of pro forma results of operations was also required in relation to our acquisitions to present certain results as if these acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of the related reporting periods presented
Although we believe the disclosure of pro forma information may have helped investors more meaningfully evaluate the results of our ongoing operations and although we provided a reconciliation of the pro forma information to our GAAP financial statements, we urge investors to carefully review the GAAP financial information included as part of our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K and our quarterly earnings releases and compare that GAAP financial information with the pro forma financial results previously disclosed in the related earnings releases and investor calls
Risks Related to Our Industry We are highly dependent on the acceptance and effectiveness of the Internet as a medium for business-to-business commerce
Our future revenues and the success of a number of our products and services are dependent in large part on an increase in the use of the Internet for business-to-business commerce
The acceptance and use of the Internet for business-to-business e-commerce could be limited by a number of factors, such as the growth and the use of the Internet in general, the threat of illegal activity that causes performance degradations at unprotected sites across the Internet, the relative ease of conducting business on the Internet, the efficiencies and improvements that conducting commerce on the Internet provides, concerns about transaction security and taxation of transactions on the Internet
We depend on the speed and reliability of the Internet
The growth in Internet traffic has occasionally caused periods of decreased performance
If Internet usage continues to grow rapidly, its infrastructure may not be able to support these demands and its performance and reliability may decline
Decreased performance at some unprotected Internet sites has also been attributed to illegal attacks by third parties
If outages or delays on the Internet occur more frequently or businesses are not able to protect themselves adequately from such illegal attacks, business-to-business e-commerce could grow more slowly or decline, which might reduce demand for our software products and services
The ability of our products to satisfy our customers’ needs is ultimately limited by, and depends upon, the speed and reliability of the Internet
Consequently, the emergence and growth of the market for our software products and services depends upon improvements being made to the entire Internet to improve security and alleviate overloading and congestion
If these improvements are not made, the ability of our customers to benefit from our products and services will be hindered, and our business, operating results and financial condition could suffer
Increased security risks of the Internet may deter future use of our software products and services
A fundamental requirement of Internet-based, business-to-business software is the secure transmission of confidential information over public networks
Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography, or other developments might result in a compromise or a breach of the security features contained in our software or the algorithms used by our customers and their business partners to protect content and transactions on Internet e-commerce marketplaces or proprietary information in our customers’ and their business partners’ databases
Anyone who is able to circumvent security measures could misappropriate proprietary, confidential customer information or cause interruptions in our customers’ and their business partners’ operations
Our customers and their business partners may be required to incur significant costs to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by breaches, reducing the demand for our software products and services
Further, a well-publicized compromise of security could deter businesses from using the Internet to conduct transactions that involve transmitting confidential information
The failure of the security features of our software to prevent security breaches, or well-publicized security breaches affecting the Internet in general, could significantly harm our business, operating results and financial condition
Internet-related laws could adversely affect our business
Regulation of the Internet is largely unsettled
The adoption of laws, regulations or taxes that increase the costs or administrative burdens of doing business using the Internet could cause companies to seek an alternative means of transacting business
If the adoption of new Internet laws, regulations or taxes causes companies to seek alternative methods for conducting business, the demand for our software products and services could decrease and our business could be adversely affected