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Wiki Wiki Summary
Surgery Surgery is a medical or dental specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.\nThe act of performing surgery may be called a surgical procedure, operation, or simply "surgery".
Operation Mincemeat Operation Mincemeat was a successful British deception operation of the Second World War to disguise the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily. Two members of British intelligence obtained the body of Glyndwr Michael, a tramp who died from eating rat poison, dressed him as an officer of the Royal Marines and placed personal items on him identifying him as the fictitious Captain (Acting Major) William Martin.
Profit (economics) An economic profit is the difference between the revenue a commercial entity has received from its outputs and the opportunity costs of its inputs. It equals to total revenue minus total cost, including both explicit and implicit costs.
Profitability analysis In cost accounting, profitability analysis is an analysis of the profitability of an organisation's output. Output of an organisation can be grouped into products, customers, locations, channels and/or transactions.
Customer Profitability Analysis Customer Profitability Analysis (in short CPA) is a management accounting and a credit underwriting method, allowing businesses and lenders to determine the profitability of each customer or segments of customers, by attributing profits and costs to each customer separately. CPA can be applied at the individual customer level (more time consuming, but providing a better understanding of business situation) or at the level of customer aggregates / groups (e.g.
Net income In business and accounting, net income (also total comprehensive income, net earnings, net profit, bottom line, sales profit, or credit sales) is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest, and taxes for an accounting period.It is computed as the residual of all revenues and gains less all expenses and losses for the period, and has also been defined as the net increase in shareholders' equity that results from a company's operations. It is different from gross income, which only deducts the cost of goods sold from revenue.
Dysphagia Dysphoria (from Ancient Greek δύσφορος (dúsphoros) 'grievous'; from δυσ- (dus-) 'bad, difficult', and φέρω (phérō) 'to bear') is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. It is the opposite of euphoria.
Insomnia An insignia (from Latin insignia, plural of insigne 'emblem, symbol, ensign') is a sign or mark distinguishing a group, grade, rank, or function. It can be a symbol of personal power or that of an official group or governing body.
Anosmia Anosmia, also known as smell blindness, is the loss of the ability to detect one or more smells. Anosmia may be temporary or permanent.
Total depravity Total depravity (also called radical corruption or pervasive depravity) is a Protestant theological doctrine derived from the concept of original sin. It teaches that, as a consequence of man's fall, every person born into the world is enslaved to the service of sin as a result of their fallen nature and, apart from the efficacious (irresistible) or prevenient (enabling) grace of God, is completely unable to choose by themselves to follow God, refrain from evil, or accept the gift of salvation as it is offered.
Aphantasia Aphantasia is the inability to voluntarily create mental images in one's mind.The phenomenon was first described by Francis Galton in 1880 but has since remained relatively unstudied. Interest in the phenomenon renewed after the publication of a study in 2015 conducted by a team led by Professor Adam Zeman of the University of Exeter.
Madonna–whore complex In psychoanalytic literature, a Madonna–Whore Complex, also called a Madonna–Mistress Complex, is the inability to maintain sexual arousal within a committed, loving relationship. First identified by Sigmund Freud, under the rubric of psychic impotence, this psychological complex is said to develop in men who see women as either saintly Madonnas or debased prostitutes.
Open relationship An open relationship is an intimate relationship that is sexually non-monogamous. The term is distinct from polyamory, in that it generally indicates a relationship where there is a primary emotional and intimate relationship between two partners, who agree to at least the possibility of sexual or emotional intimacy with other people.
Committed relationship A committed relationship is an interpersonal relationship based upon agreed-upon commitment to one another involving love, trust, honesty, openness, or some other behavior. Forms of committed relationships include close friendship, long-term relationships, engagement, marriage, and civil unions.
Joking relationship In anthropology, a joking relationship is a relationship between two people that involves a ritualised banter of teasing or mocking.\n\n\n== Structure ==\nAnalysed by British social anthropologist Alfred Radcliffe-Brown in 1940, it describes a kind of ritualised banter that takes place, for example between a man and his maternal mother-in-law in some South African indigenous societies.
Manufacturing Consent Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. It argues that the mass communication media of the U.S. "are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion", by means of the propaganda model of communication.
Manufacturing cost Manufacturing cost is the sum of costs of all resources consumed in the process of making a product. The manufacturing cost is classified into three categories: direct materials cost, direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead.
Automotive industry The automotive industry comprises a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design, development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's largest industries by revenue (from 16 % such as in France up to 40 % to countries like Slovakia).
Textile manufacturing Textile manufacturing is a major industry. It is largely based on the conversion of fibre into yarn, then yarn into fabric.
Design for manufacturability Design for manufacturability (also sometimes known as design for manufacturing or DFM) is the general engineering practice of designing products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture. The concept exists in almost all engineering disciplines, but the implementation differs widely depending on the manufacturing technology.
Growth–share matrix The growth–share matrix (aka the product portfolio matrix, Boston Box, BCG-matrix, Boston matrix, Boston Consulting Group analysis, portfolio diagram) is a chart created in a collaborative effort by BCG employees: Alan Zakon first sketched it and then, together with his colleagues, refined it. BCG's founder Bruce D. Henderson popularized the concept in an essay titled "The Product Portfolio" in BCG's publication Perspectives in 1970.
Ansoff matrix The Ansoff matrix is a strategic planning tool that provides a framework to help executives, senior managers, and marketers devise strategies for future growth. It is named after Russian American Igor Ansoff, an applied mathematician and business manager, who created the concept.
Auckland Auckland (Māori: Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The most populous urban area in the country and the fifth largest city in Oceania, Auckland has an urban population of about 1,463,000 (June 2021).
Multidistrict litigation In United States law, multidistrict litigation (MDL) refers to a special federal legal procedure designed to speed the process of handling complex cases, such as air disaster litigation or complex product liability suits.\n\n\n== Description ==\nMDL cases occur when "civil actions involving one or more common questions of fact are pending in different districts." In order to efficiently process cases that could involve hundreds (or thousands) of plaintiffs in dozens of different federal courts that all share common issues, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) decides whether cases should be consolidated under MDL, and if so, where the cases should be transferred.
Vexatious litigation Vexatious litigation is legal action which is brought solely to harass or subdue an adversary. It may take the form of a primary frivolous lawsuit or may be the repetitive, burdensome, and unwarranted filing of meritless motions in a matter which is otherwise a meritorious cause of action.
Settlement (litigation) In law, a settlement is a resolution between disputing parties about a legal case, reached either before or after court action begins. A collective settlement is a settlement of multiple similar legal cases.
Regulation A In the United States under the Securities Act of 1933, any offer to sell securities must either be registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or meet certain qualifications to exempt it from such registration. Regulation A (or Reg A) contains rules providing exemptions from the registration requirements, allowing some companies to use equity crowdfunding to offer and sell their securities without having to register the securities with the SEC. Regulation A offerings are intended to make access to capital possible for small and medium-sized companies that could not otherwise bear the costs of a normal SEC registration and to allow nonaccredited investors to participate in the offering.
Regulation (European Union) A regulation is a legal act of the European Union that becomes immediately enforceable as law in all member states simultaneously. Regulations can be distinguished from directives which, at least in principle, need to be transposed into national law.
New York Codes, Rules and Regulations The New York Codes, Rules and Regulations (NYCRR) contains New York state rules and regulations. The NYCRR is officially compiled by the New York State Department of State's Division of Administrative Rules.
United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, 326 Indian reservations, and nine minor outlying islands.
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
History of the United States The history of the lands that became the United States began with the arrival of the first people in the Americas around 15,000 BC. Numerous indigenous cultures formed, and many saw transformations in the 16th century away from more densely populated lifestyles and towards reorganized polities elsewhere. The European colonization of the Americas began in the late 15th century, however most colonies in what would later become the United States were settled after 1600.
Republican Party (United States) The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with its main historic rival, the Democratic Party.\nThe GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories.
Accounting standard Publicly traded companies typically are subject to rigorous standards. Small and midsized businesses often follow more simplified standards, plus any specific disclosures required by their specific lenders and shareholders.
Risk Factors
BLACK & DECKER CORP ITEM 1A RISK FACTORS Many of the factors that affect our business and operations involve risk and uncertainty
The factors described below are some of the risks that could materially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations
• Our business depends on the strength of the economies in various parts of the world, particularly in the United States and Europe
We conduct business in various parts of the world, primarily in the United States and Europe and, to a lesser extent, in Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Canada, Asia and Australia
As a result of this worldwide exposure, our net revenue and profitability could be harmed as a result of economic conditions in our major markets, including, but not limited to, recession, inflation and deflation, general weakness in retail, automotive and construction markets, and changes in consumer purchasing power
• Changes in customer preferences, the inability to maintain mutually beneficial relationships with large customers, and the inability to penetrate new channels of distribution could adversely affect our business
We have a number of major customers, including two large customers that, in the aggregate, constituted approximately 35prca of our consolidated sales in 2005
The loss of either of these large customers, a material negative change in our relationship with these large customers or other major customers, or changes in consumer preferences or loyalties could have an adverse effect on our business
Our major customers are volume purchasers, a few of which are much larger than us and have strong bargaining power with suppliers
This limits our ability to recover cost increases through higher selling prices
Changes in purchasing patterns by major customers could negatively impact manufacturing volumes and inventory levels
Further, our inability to continue to penetrate new channels of distribution may have a negative impact on our future results
• The inability to obtain raw materials, component parts, and/or finished goods in a timely and cost-effective manner from suppliers would adversely affect our ability to manufacture and market our products
We purchase raw materials and component parts from suppliers to be used in the manufacturing of our products
In addition, we purchase certain finished goods from suppliers
In a limited number of circumstances, the magnitude of our purchases of certain items is of such significance that a change in our established supply relationships may cause disruption in the marketplace, a temporary price imbalance, or both
Changes in our relationships with suppliers or increases in the costs of purchased raw materials, component parts or finished goods could result in manufacturing interruptions, delays, inefficiencies or our inability to market products
In addition, our profit margins would decrease if prices of purchased raw materials, component parts, or finished goods increase and we are unable to pass on those increases to our customers
• We face significant global competition
The markets in which we sell products are highly competitive on the basis of price, quality, and after-sale service
A number of competing domestic and foreign companies are strong, well-established manufacturers that compete globally with us
Some of our major customers sell their own “private label” brands that compete directly with our products
Price reductions taken by us in response to customer and competitive pressures, as well as price reductions and promotional actions taken to drive demand that may not result in anticipated sales levels, could also negatively impact our business
Competition has been intense in recent years and is expected to continue
If we are unable to maintain a competitive advantage, loss of market share, revenue, or profitability may result
• Low demand for new products and the inability to develop and introduce new products at favorable margins could adversely impact our performance and prospects for future growth
Our competitive advantage is due in part to our ability to develop and introduce new products in a timely manner at favorable margins
The uncertainties associated with developing and introducing new products, such as market demand and costs of development and production, may impede the successful development and introduction of new products on a consistent basis
Market acceptance of the new products introduced in 2005 and scheduled for introduction in 2006 may not meet sales expectations due to various factors, such as our failure to accurately predict market demand and evolving industry standards, to resolve technical challenges in a timely and cost-effective manner, and to achieve manufacturing efficiencies
Our investments in productive capacity and commitments to fund advertising and product promotions in connection with these new products could be excessive if those expectations are not met
9 _________________________________________________________________ • The inability to generate sufficient cash flows to support operations and other activities could prevent future growth and success
Our inability to generate sufficient cash flows to support capital expansion, business acquisition plans, share repurchases and general operating activities could negatively affect our operations and prevent our expansion into existing and new markets
Our ability to generate cash flows is dependent in part upon obtaining necessary financing at favorable interest rates
Interest rate fluctuations and other capital market conditions may prevent us from doing so
• Our success depends on our ability to improve productivity and streamline operations to control or reduce costs
We are committed to continuous productivity improvement and continue to evaluate opportunities to reduce fixed costs, simplify or improve processes, and eliminate excess capacity
A description of our restructuring activity during the three years ended December 31, 2005, is included in Note 20 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” beginning on page 15
The ultimate savings realized from restructuring actions may be mitigated by many factors, including economic weakness, competitive pressures, and decisions to increase costs in areas such as promotion or research and development above levels that were otherwise assumed
Our failure to achieve projected levels of efficiencies and cost reduction measures and to avoid delays in or unanticipated inefficiencies resulting from manufacturing and administrative reorganization actions in progress or contemplated would adversely affect our results of operations
• The inability to successfully integrate the operations of acquired businesses or to identify new acquisition opportunities could negatively impact our prospect for future growth and profitability
We expend significant resources on identifying opportunities to acquire new lines of business and companies that could contribute to our success and expansion into existing and new markets
Our inability to successfully identify acquisition opportunities, integrate the operations of acquired businesses, or realize the anticipated cost savings, synergies and other benefits related to the acquisition of those businesses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and future growth
Acquisitions may also have a material adverse effect on our operating results due to large write-offs, contingent liabilities, substantial depreciation, or other adverse tax or audit consequences
Failures of our infrastructure could have a material adverse effect on our business
We are heavily dependent on our infrastructure
Significant problems with our infrastructure, such as manufacturing failures, telephone or information technology (IT) system failure, computer viruses or other third-party tampering with IT systems, could halt or delay manufacturing and hinder our ability to ship in a timely manner or otherwise routinely conduct business
Any of these events could result in the loss of customers, a decrease in revenue, or the incurrence of significant costs to eliminate the problem or failure
• Our products could be subject to product liability claims and litigation
We manufacture products that create exposure to product liability claims and litigation
If our products are not properly manufactured or designed, personal injuries or property damage could result, which could subject us to claims for damages
The costs associated with defending product liability claims and payment of damages could be substantial
Our reputation could also be adversely affected by such claims, whether or not successful
• Our products could be recalled
The Consumer Product Safety Commission or other applicable regulatory bodies may require the recall, repair or replacement of our products if those products are found not to be in compliance with applicable standards or regulations
A recall could increase costs and adversely impact our reputation
• We may have additional tax liabilities
We are subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions
Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes
In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain
We are regularly under audit by tax authorities
Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final outcome of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals
Based on the status of a given tax audit or related litigation, a material effect on our income tax provision or net income may result in the period or periods from initial recognition in our reported financial results to the final closure of that tax audit or settlement of related litigation when the ultimate tax and related cash flow is known with certainty
• We are subject to current environmental and other laws and regulations
We are subject to environmental laws in each jurisdiction in which we conduct business
Some of our products incorporate substances that are regulated in some jurisdictions in which we conduct manufacturing operations
We could be subject to liability if we do not comply with these regulations
In addition, we are currently and may, in the future, be held responsible for remedial investigations and clean-up costs resulting from the discharge of hazardous substances into the environment, including sites that have never been owned or operated by us but at which we have been identified as a potentially responsible party under federal and state environmental laws and regulations
Changes in environmental and other laws and regulations in both domestic and foreign jurisdictions could adversely affect our operations due to increased costs of compliance and potential liability for non-compliance
10 _________________________________________________________________ • If our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings
Under United States generally accepted accounting principles, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but are reviewed for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable
We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets is determined, resulting in an impact on our results of operations
• Changes in accounting may affect our reported earnings
For many aspects of our business, United States generally accepted accounting principles, including pronouncements, implementation guidelines, and interpretations, are highly complex and require subjective judgments
Changes in these accounting principles, including their interpretation and application, could significantly change our reported earnings, adding significant volatility to our reported results without a comparable underlying change in our cash flows
• We are exposed to adverse changes in currency exchange rates, raw material commodity prices or interest rates, both in absolute terms and relative to competitors’ risk profiles
We have a number of manufacturing sites throughout the world and sell our products in more than 100 countries
As a result, we are exposed to movements in the exchange rates of various currencies against the United States dollar and against the currencies of countries in which we have manufacturing facilities
We believe our most significant foreign currency exposures are the euro, pound sterling and Chinese renminbi
A decrease in the value of the euro and pound sterling relative to the US dollar could adversely affect our results of operations
An increase in the value of the Chinese renminbi relative to the US dollar could adversely affect our results of operations
• We operate a global business that exposes us to additional risks
Our sales outside of the United States accounted for approximately 34prca of our consolidated net revenue in 2005
We continue to expand into foreign markets
The future growth and profitability of our foreign operations are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, such as tariffs, nationalization, exchange controls, interest rate fluctuations, civil unrest, governmental changes, limitations on foreign investment in local business and other political, economic and regulatory risks inherent in conducting business internationally
Over the past several years, such factors have become increasingly important as a result of our higher percentage of manufacturing in China, Mexico and the Czech Republic and purchases of products and components from foreign countries
Catastrophic events may disrupt our business
Unforeseen events, including war, terrorism and other international conflicts, public health issues, and natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes or other adverse weather and climate conditions, whether occurring in the United States or abroad, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of our suppliers or customers, or result in political or economic instability
These events could reduce demand for our products and make it difficult or impossible for us to manufacture our products, deliver products to customers, or to receive products from suppliers
The foregoing list is not exhaustive
There can be no assurance that we have correctly identified and appropriately assessed all factors affecting our business or that the publicly available and other information with respect to these matters is complete and correct
Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be immaterial also may adversely impact our business
Should any risks or uncertainties develop into actual events, these developments could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, and results of operations